Application Of Deep Learning Models In Air Quality Prediction

Air pollution is a growing global concern that directly affects human health and environmental quality. Predicting air pollutant concentrations accurately can support timely public health decisions and environmental management. This study compares five deep learning models — GRU, LSTM, Bidirectional LSTM, CNN-LSTM, and Transformer — for predicting PM2.5 concentrations using hourly air quality data collected over 18 months. The results show that the Transformer model achieves the highest accuracy, while the CNN-LSTM model provides a practical balance between performance and computational cost.

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