Biology And Significance Of Cannabis Sativa L.

This article examines the biological characteristics, morphology, karyotype, and legal status of Cannabis sativa L. in Uzbekistan. The structural and functional features of the root system, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds are comprehensively described. Particular attention is given to cytogenetic characteristics, including the organization of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, nucleolar organizer regions, and the chromosomal mechanism of sex determination. Biological and morphological distinctions among Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis are comparatively analyzed. In addition, the regulatory framework governing the cultivation and utilization of industrial cannabis in the Republic of Uzbekistan, together with international practices, is reviewed. The study emphasizes that modern genomic and biotechnological approaches considerably expand the potential applications of cannabis in medicine, industry, and agriculture.

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