A Crossroads of Global Health and Sustainability in the point of Antimicrobial Resistance
Аннотация
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming an international threat leading to the failure of modern medicine as well as the progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). AMR is developed when microorganisms become resistant to antimicrobial drugs through evolutions and becomes ineffective to the treatments thus causing high mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and escalated health expenditures. What makes this crisis grow are factors including the abuse of antibiotics usage both in the health of humans and animals, the poor regulation of such use, poor sanitation, and even a general unawareness in developing and middle-income countries. Resurgent surveillance data indicate high levels of resistance to common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and MRSA among others across the regions. An AMR solution would demand a One Health approach, which addresses the solutions to human, animal, and environmental health. The most important of them are antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP), better diagnostics, infection control, and investment in new therapeutics. To curb the spread of AMR, efficient policy frameworks, international cooperation and community participation are essential. Unless action is taken immediately and in organized effort, AMR will represent 10 million deaths per year by 2050, with most falls being on vulnerable populations. The fight against AMR is a must to have fair, stable, and sustainable systems of healthcare in line with the global development goals.