IMMUNOINFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS OF MICROVASCULAR ANGINA AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Microvascular angina is a form of coronary artery disease that develops in the absence of hemodynamically significant lesions in the epicardial coronary arteries and is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction. Immunoinflammatory mechanisms, which contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction and myocardial ischemia, are currently considered to play a key role in its pathogenesis. This review presents current data on the role of proinflammatory cytokines, intercellular adhesion molecules, endothelin-1, and other inflammatory markers in the development of coronary microvascular dysfunction. The diagnostic and prognostic value of immunological biomarkers is discussed, as well as the potential for their use in risk stratification and personalized patient treatment. It is demonstrated that immunoinflammatory processes are an important component in the pathogenesis of microvascular angina and can be considered a promising target for the development of new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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