THE ROLE OF THE CYTOKINE SYSTEM IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL INFERTILITY

Objective: To evaluate the cytokine profile in women with immunological infertility and determine its role in disease pathogenesis. Materials and Methods: The study included 180 women aged 22–37 years. Participants were divided into three groups: women with antisperm antibody-dominant immunological infertility (n=75), women with cytokine-dominant immunological infertility (n=75), and a control group of fertile women (n=30). Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using ELISA. Results: Women in Group II demonstrated significantly elevated levels of IL-6 (12.22±3.58 pg/mL) and TNF-α (19.04±5.87 pg/mL), accompanied by a marked decrease in IL-10 levels (2.99±0.85 pg/mL) compared with the other groups (p<0.0001). Elevated IL-6 and TNF-α levels were detected in 98.7% of patients. The IL-6/IL-10 ratio was identified as the most informative indicator of immune inflammatory activity. Conclusion: Immunological infertility is characterized by a pronounced cytokine imbalance. IL-6, TNF-α, and the IL-6/IL-10 ratio may serve as valuable markers for evaluating disease pathogenesis and improving diagnostic accuracy.

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