SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LEAD (Pb), CADMIUM (Cd), COPPER (Cu), IRON (Fe), AND ZINC (Zn) IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

This study aimed to assess the concentrations and distribution patterns of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and microelements (Zn, Cu, Fe) in milk and dairy products produced in the Forish district of the Jizzakh region. A total of 30 samples were analyzed using acid digestion followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results revealed the presence of heavy metals in all samples, with lead concentrations consistently higher than cadmium. The highest lead and copper concentrations were detected in butter, while cadmium and zinc were most concentrated in cheese. Iron showed the highest levels in milk. These variations were associated with differences in fat content, dry matter proportion, and protein binding capacity. The findings indicate that environmental contamination and technological processing significantly influence elemental composition in dairy products. Continuous monitoring of heavy metal content is therefore essential to ensure food safety and protect public health.

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