Biochemical Markers Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of renal dysfunction, glycemic control, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers with the severity of diabetic nephropathy in T2DM patients. This analytical cross sectional study took place in hospital, and 180 patients with T2DM were separated into three groups according to the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria and/or reduced eGFR. Biochemical and ELISA methods was used to analyze the renal function parameters, glycemic markers, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP), and oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, GSH). The statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 25.0. The more severe the nephropathy, the greater was the progressive loss of renal function and worsening of glycemic control (p<0.001). All inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress marker MDA were significantly higher among all study groups and antioxidant markers SOD and GSH were significantly lower among all study groups (p<0.001). The analysis identified a favorable association between the variables of UACR with HbA1c, TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA, and a significant negative correlation of eGFR. Multivariate logistic regression revealed IL-6, TNF-α and MDA as independent factors for diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is to be driven by chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. These biomarkers may help detect and track diabetes progression in patients.

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