Elastic HfB2-SiC nanofiber aerogel films for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal insulation

To develop lightweight and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials for used in harsh environments, elastic HfB 2 -SiC nanofiber aerogel films with tunable phase compositions and microstructures were prepared via electrospinning and high-temperature pyrolysis. The porous structure formed by the uniform nanofiber network, with combined the abundant heterogeneous interfaces of multiple nanoparticles inside the fibers, effectively improves impedance matching and synergistically enhances interfacial polarization and conductive loss. It achieved a minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −57.31 dB at a frequency of 14.37 GHz, with a matching thickness down to 1.70 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.50 GHz. In addition, the sample has outstanding thermal insulation performance (λ = 0.024 W m −1 K −1 ), excellent mechanical properties (compressive strength of 450 KPa, compressive strain of 40%, and energy loss coefficient of 0.45), and hydrophobicity (contact angle >140°), highlighting its multifunctional characteristics. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing advanced ceramic-based aerogels for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal insulation.

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