Статья

Polyacrylonitrile-Based Fibrous Sorbents for Sorption–Spectroscopic Determination of Class I–III Toxic Metal Ions: Structure, Functionalisation, and Analytical Performance

А.N. NurlybayevaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080012, KazakhstanDinara OmarovaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology, M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz University, Taraz 080012, KazakhstanСманова, ЗулайхоDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanGaukhar TazhkenovaDepartment of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, KazakhstanAinur SeitkanDepartment of Environmental Management and Engineering, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, KazakhstanG. K. MatniyazovaHigher School of Natural Sciences, Astana International University, Astana 010008, KazakhstanDamen NurgaliyevaHigher School of Natural Sciences, Astana International University, Astana 010008, KazakhstanBekzat SaurbayevaSchool of International Engineering, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070004, KazakhstanZulfiya UnerbayevaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty 050010, KazakhstanMyrzabek YermakhanovDepartment of Chemistry, Higher School of Natural Sciences and Pedagogy, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, KazakhstanBakytgul KussainovaFaculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan

2026en

ABI

Аннотация

Fibrous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is a versatile platform for solid-phase analytical chemistry because of its chemically transformable nitrile groups, mechanical robust-ness, and favourable fibre morphology. This review critically examines PAN-based fi-brous sorbents for sorption–spectroscopic analysis (SSA) of toxic metal ions, focusing on polyamine-modified PAN/polyethylenepolyamine/1,2-dichloroethane (PPD) and PAN/polyethylenepolyamine/acrylonitrile (PPA) matrices, iminodiacetate-containing fibrous ion-exchange (FIBAN) fibres, triethanolamine-modified PAN (PAN-T), and electrospun amidoximated PAN nanofibres (AOPAN). Relationships among polymer composition, fibre morphology, surface functionalisation, reagent immobilisation, ion transport, and optical response are evaluated with respect to sensitivity, selectivity, stability, reuse, and practical applicability. Particular attention is given to electrostat-ic/physical versus covalent immobilisation, matrix interference, and the distinction between adsorption capacity and direct solid-phase optical performance. Representa-tive systems include PPD–Arsenazo III for Pb(II), with a minimum detectable concen-tration of 0.24 μg L−1, and AMADA immobilised on a polyeth-ylene-polyamine-modified PAN matrix for Mn(II), with a reported determination limit of 0.02 μg mL−1. The review also considers sustainability, automation, nanostructured architectures, additive manufacturing, and portable optical detection. Current evi-dence indicates that no single PAN architecture is universally superior; future progress requires improved sorbent standardisation, systematic interference and leaching stud-ies, reproducible optical calibration, and validation under realistic sample conditions. Fibre diameter and porosity are also discussed as coupled determinants of diffusion, scattering, and reproducibility.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.3390/polym18182218

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