Minutes-long soft X-ray prompt emission from a compact object merger
An Y. LiInstitute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206 , ChinaChen-Wei WangState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaNiccolò PassalevaDepartment of Physics , University of Rome , "Sapienza" , Rome , ItalyJie AnUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaBin‐Bin ZhangKey Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics , Nanjing University ,E. TrojaDepartment of Physics , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , ItalyYi-Han Iris YinDepartment of Physics , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , ChinaYuan LiuNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaS. L. XiongInstitute of High Energy PhysicsL. P. XinNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaYi-Xuan ShaoKey Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics , Nanjing University ,Jun YangInstitute for Astrophysics , School of Physics , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , ChinaHui SunNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaDong XuNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaYu-Han YangDepartment of Physics , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , ItalyR. RicciDepartment of Physics , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , ItalyHe GaoInstitute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206 , ChinaS. AntierIJCLab , Univ Paris-Saclay , CNRS/IN2P3 , Orsay , FranceR. L. BecerraInstituto de Astronomía , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de México , MéxicoJia-Xin CaoGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics , Department of Physics , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , ChinaA. J. Castro‐TiradoInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC) , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n , E-18008 , Granada , SpainXin-Lei ChenSchool of Physics and Astronomy , Yunnan University , 650500 , Kunming , ChinaYe-Hao ChengSchool of Physics and Astronomy , Yunnan University , 650500 , Kunming , ChinaYong ChenState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaHua-Qing ChengNational Astronomical ObservatoriesValerio D'EliaSpace Science Data Center (SSDC) -Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) , Via del Politecnico snc , 00133 Roma , ItalyM. de PasqualeDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Sciences , Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences of University of Messina , 2 Via F.S. D'Alcontres 31 , 98166 Messina , ItalyYongwei DongState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaE. G. ElhosseinyNational Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) , 1 El-marsad St. , 11421 Helwan , Cairo , EgyptR. A. J. Eyles-FerrisSchool of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leicester , University Road , Leicester , LE1 7RH , UKMaria GritsevichFaculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Gustaf Hallströmin katu 2 , FI-00014 Helsinki , FinlandX. H. HanNational Astronomical ObservatoriesD. H. HartmannClemson University , Department of Physics and Astronomy , Clemson , SC 29634-0978 , USAY. D. HuGuangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics , Department of Physics , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , ChinaJing-Wei HuNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaS. M. JiaInstitute of High Energy PhysicsN. KochiashviliE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory , Mt. Kanobili , Abastumani , 0301 Adigeni , GeorgiaWei‐Hua LeiDepartment of Astronomy , School of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , ChinaA. J. LevanDepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPP , Radboud University Nijmegen , P.O. Box 9010 , Nijmegen , 6500 GL , The NetherlandsCheng-Kui LiInstitute of High Energy PhysicsDongyue LiNational Astronomical ObservatoriesHua-Li LiNational Astronomical ObservatoriesXiaobo LiState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaZhixing LingNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaHe-Yang LiuNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaHoujun LvD. MalesaniBrendan O’ConnorMcWilliams Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics , Department of Physics , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , PA , USAHaiwu PanNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaShashi Bhushan PandeySorbonne UniversitéIgnacio Pérez-GarcíaD. L. A. PieterseDepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPP , Radboud University Nijmegen , P.O. Box 9010 , Nijmegen , 6500 GL , The NetherlandsM. PillasYu-Lei QiuNational Astronomical ObservatoriesA. SaccardiR. Sánchez-RamírezWen-Jun TanUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesManasanun TanasanN. R. TanvirSchool of Physics and Astronomy , University of Leicester , University Road , Leicester , LE1 7RH , UKSusanna D. VerganiJing WangNational Astronomical ObservatoriesXiao-Feng WangQinyu WuNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaShu-Xu YiInstitute of High Energy PhysicsTillayev YusufjonChen ZhangNational Astronomical ObservatoriesWenda ZhangNational Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , ChinaYi-Jia ZhangGuoying ZhaoChao ZhengInstitute of High Energy PhysicsS. J. ZhengState Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaChang ZhouDepartment of Astronomy , School of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , ChinaPing ZhouSchool of Astronomy and Space Science , Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue , Nanjing 210023 , ChinaBertrand CordierJian-Yan WeiNational Astronomical ObservatoriesW. YuanUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaShuang‐Nan ZhangUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , ChinaBing ZhangKey Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics , Nanjing University ,
2026en
ABI
Аннотация
Compact object mergers are multi-messenger sources and known progenitors of some gamma-ray bursts, bright flashes of high-energy radiation powered by a central engine, either an accreting black hole or a neutron star. Our understanding of these events has so far been shaped primarily by observations in the gamma-ray band, leaving their prompt phase poorly constrained at lower energies. A long-lasting ($\approx$100 s) engine-driven X-ray emission was discussed to explain rapidly fading X-ray afterglows following several ($\approx$30%) bursts of short ($\lesssim$2 s) duration. However, this prompt X-ray component was not directly observed and past candidates were not confirmed. Here we report the discovery of EP250704a containing a minutes-long ($\sim$560 s) flash of soft (0.5--4 keV) X-rays immediately following the short ($\sim$0.4 s) GRB 250704B. The variability and spectral shape of this emission are inconsistent with the canonical picture of a hard, accretion-powered spike followed by a standard external-shock afterglow. Instead, the long-soft bump points to a distinct phase of prompt emission in X-rays, which would not have been detected without the soft X-ray coverage of Einstein Probe. The detection of a prompt soft X-ray counterpart in an otherwise ordinary short GRB shows that long-lasting X-ray emission is likely a common feature of merger-driven bursts and a promising electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational wave sources.
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