A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome
Richard E. GreenDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyJohannes KrauseDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyAdrian W. BriggsDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyTomislav MaričićDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyUdo StenzelDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyMartin KircherDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyNick PattersonBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USAHeng LiBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USAWeiwei ZhaiDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAMarkus Hsi-Yang FritzEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UKNancy F. HansenGenome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAÉric DurandDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAnna‐Sapfo MalaspinasDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJeffrey D. JensenProgram in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USATomàs Marquès‐BonetHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USACan AlkanHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAKay PrüferDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyMatthias MeyerDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyHernán A. BurbanoDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyJeffrey M. GoodDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyRigo SchultzDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyAyinuer Aximu‐PetriDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyAnne ButthofDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyBarbara HöberDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyBarbara HöffnerDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyMadlen SiegemundDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyAntje WeihmannDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyChad NusbaumBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USAEric S. LanderBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USACarsten RussBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USANathaniel NovodBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USAJason P. Affourtit454 Life Sciences, Branford, CT 06405, USAMichael D. Miller454 Life Sciences, Branford, CT 06405, USAChristine VernaDepartment of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyPavao RudanCroatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zrinski trg 11, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDejana BrajkovićCroatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, Ante Kovacica 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaŽeljko KućanCroatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zrinski trg 11, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaIvan GušićCroatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zrinski trg 11, HR-10000 Zagreb, CroatiaVladimir B. DoronichevLiubov V. GolovanovaCarles Lalueza‐FoxInstitute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, SpainMarco de la Rasilla VivesÁrea de Prehistoria Departamento de Historia Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, SpainJavier ForteaÁrea de Prehistoria Departamento de Historia Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, SpainAntonio RosasDepartamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, SpainRalf W. SchmitzAbteilung für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Universität Bonn, GermanyPhilip L. JohnsonDepartment of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USAEvan E. EichlerHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADaniel FalushDepartment of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, IrelandEwan BirneyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UKJames C. MullikinGenome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAMontgomery SlatkinDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USARasmus NielsenDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJanet KelsoDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyMichael LachmannDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, GermanyDavid ReichBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USASvante PääboDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
2010en
ABI
Аннотация
Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.
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