The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models
P. S. CowperthwaiteHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAE. BergerHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAV. Ashley VillarHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USABrian D. MetzgerDepartment of Physics and Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USAM. NichollHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAR. ChornockAstrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 251B Clippinger Lab, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USAP. K. BlanchardHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAWen‐fai FongCIERA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USAR. MarguttiCIERA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USAM. Soares-SantosDepartment of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USAK. D. AlexanderHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAS. AllamFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAJ. AnnisFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USADillon BroutDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAD. BrownDepartment of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13224, USARobert E. ButlerDepartment of Astronomy, Indiana University, 727 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USAH.-Y. ChenDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAH. T. DiehlFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAZ. DoctorKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAM. R. DroutThe Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USATarraneh EftekhariHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAB. FarrDepartment of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USAD. A. FinleyFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAR. J. FoleyDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAJ. FriemanDepartment of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USAChris L. FryerCenter for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USAJ. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica CSIC/UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblando E-28049 Madrid, SpainM. S. S. GillKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAJames GuillochonHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAK. HernerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAD. E. HolzDepartment of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USADaniel KasenDepartments of Physics and Astronomy, and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USAR. KeßlerDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAJ. MarrinerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAT. MathesonNational Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAEric H. NeilsenFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAEliot QuataertDepartment of Astronomy & Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAA. PalmeseDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UKA. RestDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAM. SakoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAD. ScolnicThe Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USANathan SmithSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAD. L. TuckerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAPaul WilliamsHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USAE. BalbinotDepartment of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKJeffrey L. CarlinLSST, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAErika CookGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAF. DurretInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris (UMR7095: CNRS & UPMC), 98 bis Bd Arago, F-75014, Paris, FranceT. S. LiFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAP. A. A. LopesObservatòrio do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira do Pedro Antônio 43, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20080-090, BrazilA. C. C. LourençoObservatòrio do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira do Pedro Antônio 43, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20080-090, BrazilJ. L. MarshallGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAG. E. MedinaDepartamento de Astronomòa, Universidad de Chile, Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileJ. MuirDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1040, USARobyn L. MunozDepartamento de Astronomòa, Universidad de Chile, Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileM. SausedaGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADavid J. SchlegelPhysics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720-8160, USAL. F. SeccoDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAA. K. VivasCerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, ChileW. C. WesterFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAA. ZentenoCerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, ChileYun-Hao ZhangFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAT. M. C. AbbottCerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, ChileM. BanerjiInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKK. BechtolLSST, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAA. Benoit-LévyCNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, FranceE. BertinCNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, FranceE. Buckley‐GeerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAD. L. BurkeKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAD. CapozziInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UKA. Carnero RosellLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-AstronomiaM. Carrasco KindDepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAF. J. CastanderInstitute of Space Sciences, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, SpainM. CrocceInstitute of Space Sciences, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, SpainCarlos E. CunhaKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAC. B. D’AndreaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAL. N. da CostaLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, BrazilC. DavisKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAD. L. DePoyGeorge P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAS. DesaiDepartment of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, IndiaJ. P. DietrichExcellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, GermanyA. Drlica-WagnerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAT. F. EiflerDepartment of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAA. E. EvrardDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAElizabeth R. FernandezInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainB. FlaugherFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAP. FosalbaInstitute of Space Sciences, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, SpainE. GaztañagaInstitute of Space Sciences, IEEC-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, SpainD. W. GerdesDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAT. GiannantonioInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKD. A. GoldsteinDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAD. GruenKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P.O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAR. A. GruendlDepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAG. GutiérrezFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAK. HonscheidCenter for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAB. JainDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAD J JamesAstronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USAT. JeltemaM. W. G. JohnsonNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAM. D. JohnsonNational Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
2017en
ABI
Аннотация
We present UV, optical, and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a \ngravitational wave source from Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo, \nthe binary neutron star merger GW170817. Our data set extends from the discovery of the optical counterpart at \n0.47–18.5 days post-merger, and includes observations with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), Gemini-South/ \nFLAMINGOS-2 (GS/F2), and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The spectral energy distribution (SED) inferred \nfrom this photometry at 0.6 days is well described by a blackbody model with T » 8300 K, a radius of \nR » ´ 4.5 1014 cm (corresponding to an expansion velocity of v c » 0.3 ), and a bolometric luminosity of \nLbol » ´5 1041 erg s−1 \n. At 1.5 days we find a multi-component SED across the optical and NIR, and \nsubsequently we observe rapid fading in the UV and blue optical bands and significant reddening of the optical/ \nNIR colors. Modeling the entire data set, we find that models with heating from radioactive decay of 56Ni, or those \nwith only a single component of opacity from r-process elements, fail to capture the rapid optical decline and red \noptical/NIR colors. Instead, models with two components consistent with lanthanide-poor and lanthanide-rich \nejecta provide a good fit to the data; the resulting “blue” component has M M ej » 0.01 \nblue and v » 0.3 c ej \nblue , and \nthe “red” component has M M ej » 0.04 \nred and v » 0.1 c ej \nred . These ejecta masses are broadly consistent with the \nestimated r-process production rate required to explain the Milky Way r-process abundances, providing the first \nevidence that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers can be a dominant site of r-process enrichment.
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