Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger
M. M. KasliwalDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAE. NakarThe Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelL. P. SingerAstroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAD. L. KaplanDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAD. O. CookDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAA. Van SistineDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAR. M. LauDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAC. FremlingDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAO. GottliebThe Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, IsraelJ. E. JencsonDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAS. M. AdamsDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAU. FeindtThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenK. HotokezakaCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Simons Foundation, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USAS. GhoshDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAD. A. PerleyAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKP.-C. YuGraduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, TaiwanTsvi PiranRacah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, IsraelJ. R. AllisonAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions, AustraliaG. C. AnupamaIndian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block Koramangala, Bangalore 560034, IndiaA. BalasubramanianIndian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, IndiaK. W. BannisterAustralia Telescope National Facility, Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, AustraliaJ. BallyDepartment of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USAJennifer BarnesColumbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USAS. BarwaySouth African Astronomical Observatory, Post Office Box 9, Observatory, Cape Town 7935, South AfricaE. BellmDepartment of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAV. BhaleraoDepartment of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, IndiaD. BhattacharyaInter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Office Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, IndiaN. BlagorodnovaDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAJ. S. BloomDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAP. R. BradyDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAC. CannellaDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAD. ChatterjeeDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAS. B. CenkoAstroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAB. E. CobbDepartment of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USAC. CopperwheatAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKA. CorsiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Box 41051, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USAK. DeDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAD. DobieAustralia Telescope National Facility, Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, AustraliaS. W. K. EmeryUniversity College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, UKN. GehrelsX-ray and Observational Astronomy Research Group, Leicester Institute for Space and Earth Observation, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKOri D. FoxSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAD. A. FrailNational Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM 87825, USAC. FrohmaierDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UKA. GoobarThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenG. HallinanDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAFiona HarrisonDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAG. HelouInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAT. HindererInstitute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, NetherlandsA. Y. Q. HoDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAA. HoreshRacah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, IsraelW.-H. IpDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAR. ItohDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, JapanD. KasenDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAH. KimGemini Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, ChileN. P. M. KuinUniversity College London, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, UKT. KupferDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAC. LynchAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics, AustraliaKristin K. MadsenDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAP. A. MazzaliAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKAdam A. MillerCenter for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USAK. P. MooleyAstrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UKT. MurphyAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics, AustraliaChow‐Choong NgeowGraduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, TaiwanD. NicholsInstitute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, NetherlandsS. NissankeInstitute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, NetherlandsP. NugentDepartment of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USAE. O. OfekDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelH. QiDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAR. M. QuimbyThe University of TokyoStephan RosswogThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenF. RusuSchool of Engineering (EECS), University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USAE. M. SadlerAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics, AustraliaP. SchmidtInstitute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, NetherlandsJ. SollermanThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenI. A. SteeleAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Browlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKA. R. WilliamsonInstitute of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, NetherlandsY. XuDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USALin YanDivision of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAY. YatsuDepartment of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, JapanC. ZhangDepartment of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USAW. ZhaoSchool of Engineering (EECS), University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
2017en
ABI
Аннотация
Merging neutron stars offer an excellent laboratory for simultaneously studying strong-field gravity and matter in extreme environments. We establish the physical association of an electromagnetic counterpart (EM170817) with gravitational waves (GW170817) detected from merging neutron stars. By synthesizing a panchromatic data set, we demonstrate that merging neutron stars are a long-sought production site forging heavy elements by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma rays seen in EM170817 are dissimilar to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultrarelativistic jets. Instead, we suggest that breakout of a wide-angle, mildly relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet explains the low-luminosity gamma rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared, and the delayed radio and x-ray emission. We posit that all neutron star mergers may lead to a wide-angle cocoon breakout, sometimes accompanied by a successful jet and sometimes by a choked jet.
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