The<i>Gaia</i>mission
T. PrustiScientific Support Office, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The NetherlandsJ. H. J. de BruijneScientific Support Office, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The NetherlandsA. G. A. BrownLeiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The NetherlandsA. VallenariINAF−Osservatorio astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, ItalyC. BabusiauxGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceC. A. L. Bailer-JonesMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyU. BastianAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyM. BiermannAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyD. W. EvansInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKL. EyerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandF. JansenMission Operations Division, Operations Department, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The NetherlandsC. JordiInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainS. A. KlionerLohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, GermanyU. LammersEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainL. LindegrenLund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, SwedenX. LuriInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainF. MignardLaboratoire Lagrange, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex, FranceDavid MilliganEuropean Space Operations Centre (ESA/ESOC), Robert Bosch Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, GermanyC. PanemCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceVincent PoinsignonAirbus Defence and Space SAS, 31 Rue des Cosmonautes, 31402 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceD. PourbaixF.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d'Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumS. RandichINAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, ItalyG. SarriDirectorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsP. SartorettiGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceH. I. SiddiquiTelespazio Vega UK Ltd for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainC. SoubiranLaboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, FranceV. ValetteCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceF. van LeeuwenInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKN. A. WaltonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKC. AertsInstituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, BelgiumF. ArenouGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceM. CropperMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKR. DrimmelINAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyE. HøgNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkD. KatzGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceM. G. LattanziINAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyWilliam O’MullaneEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainE. K. GrebelAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyA. D. HollandCentre for Electronic Imaging, Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall MK7 6AA Milton Keynes, UKC. HucCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceX. PassotCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceL. BramanteC. CacciariINAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, ItalyJ. CastañedaInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainL. ChaoulCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceN. CheekF. De AngeliInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKC. FabriciusInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainR. GuerraEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainJ. HernándezEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainA. Jean-Antoine-PiccoloCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceE. MasanaInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainR. MessineoN. MowlavïDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandK. NienartowiczDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandD. Ordóñez-BlancoDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandP. PanuzzoGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceJ. PortellInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainP. J. RichardsSTFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UKM. RielloInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKG. M. SeabrokeMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKP. TangaLaboratoire Lagrange, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex, FranceF. ThéveninLaboratoire Lagrange, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex, FranceJ. TorraInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainS. ElsAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyG. Gracia-AbrilGaia DPAC Project Office, ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainG. ComorettoTelespazio Vega UK Ltd for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainM. Garcia-ReinaldosEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainT. LockEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainEmma MercierAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyM. AltmannAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyR. AndraeMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyT. L. AstraatmadjaMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyI. Bellas-VelidisNational Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, GreeceH. J. McCrackenMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKJ. BerthierIMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, FranceR. BlommeRoyal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumG. BussoInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKB. CarryIMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, FranceA. CellinoINAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), ItalyG. ClementiniINAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, ItalyS. CowellInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKO. L. CreeveyInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris XI, UMR 8617, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, FranceJ. CuypersRoyal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumM. DavidsonInstitute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKJ. De RidderInstituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, BelgiumA. de TorresHE Space Operations BV for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainL. DelchambreInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, BelgiumA. Dell’OroINAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, ItalyC. DucourantLaboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, FranceY. FrématRoyal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumMiguel García-TorresÁrea de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km 1. 41013 Sevilla, SpainE. GossetInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, BelgiumJ. L. HalbwachsObservatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, FranceN. C. HamblyInstitute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKD. L. HarrisonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKM. HäuserAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12−14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDaniel HestrofferIMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, FranceS. T. HodgkinInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKH. E. HuckleMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
2016en
ABI
Аннотация
Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the EuropeanSpace Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page.
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