<i>Planck</i> intermediate results
Y. AkramiDépartement de Physique, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, FranceK. J. AndersenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern Oslo, NorwayM. AshdownAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKC. BaccigalupiSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyM. BallardiniINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyA. J. BandayUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceR. B. BarreiroInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainN. BartoloDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyS. BasakSchool of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, IndiaK. BenabedSorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceJ.-P. BernardUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceM. BersanelliINAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, ItalyP. BielewiczNational Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. L. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandJ. R. BondCITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaJ. BorrillSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USAC. BuriganaINFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyR. C. ButlerINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyE. CalabreseSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKB. CasaponsaInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainH. C. ChiangDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAL. P. L. ColomboDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, ItalyC. CombetLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 Rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceB. P. CrillCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAF. CuttaiaOsservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello SpazioP. de BernardisDipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, ItalyA. de RosaINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyG. de ZottiINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, Padova, ItalyJ. DelabrouilleAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceEleonora Di ValentinoJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UKJ. M. DiegoInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainO. DoréJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAM. DouspisInstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, FranceX. DupacEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainH. K. EriksenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern Oslo, NorwayR. Fernández-CobosInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainF. Finelli⋆INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyM. FrailisINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyA. A. FraisseDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAE. FranceschiINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyA. FrolovSimon Fraser University, Department of Physics, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, CanadaS. GaleottaINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyS. GalliSorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceK. GangaAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceM. GerbinoHEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USAT. GhoshSchool of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, Odissa, IndiaJ. González-NuevoDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca 18, Oviedo, SpainK. M. GórskiWarsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, PolandA. GruppusoINFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyJ. E. GudmundssonDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAWill HandleyAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKG. HelouCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAD. HerranzInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainS. R. HildebrandtJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAE. HivonInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceZhiqi HuangSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR ChinaA. H. JaffeImperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UKW. C. JonesDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAE. KeihänenDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandR. KeskitaloComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USAK. KiiveriHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandJ. KimMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyT. S. KisnerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USAN. KrachmalnicoffSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyM. KunzDépartement de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, SwitzerlandH. Kurki‐SuonioDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandA. LasenbyAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKM. LattanziDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyC. R. LawrenceJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAM. Le JeuneUniversité Paris CitéF. LevrierSorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, FranceM. LiguoriIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyP. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern Oslo, NorwayM. LilleySorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceV. LindholmDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandM. López-CaniegoEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainP. M. LubinDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USAJ. F. Macías–PérezLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 Rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceD. MainoINFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano, ItalyN. MandolesiINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyA. Marcos-CaballeroInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainM. MarisINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyP. G. MartinCITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaE. Martínez-GonzálezInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainS. MatarreseGran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, ItalyN. MauriINFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyJ. D. McEwenMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKP. R. MeinholdDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USAA. MennellaINAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, ItalyM. MigliaccioDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, ItalyS. MitraJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAD. MolinariDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyL. MontierUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceG. MorganteINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyA. MossSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKP. NatoliDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyD. PaolettiINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyB. PartridgeHaverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, USAG. PatanchonAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceD. PearsonJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAT. J. PearsonCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
2020en
ABI
Аннотация
We present the NPIPE processing pipeline, which produces calibrated frequency maps in temperature and polarization from data from the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) and High Frequency Instrument (HFI) using high-performance computers. NPIPE represents a natural evolution of previous Planck analysis efforts, and combines some of the most powerful features of the separate LFI and HFI analysis pipelines. For example, following the LFI 2018 processing procedure, NPIPE uses foreground polarization priors during the calibration stage in order to break scanning-induced degeneracies. Similarly, NPIPE employs the HFI 2018 time-domain processing methodology to correct for bandpass mismatch at all frequencies. In addition, NPIPE introduces several improvements, including, but not limited to: inclusion of the 8% of data collected during repointing manoeuvres; smoothing of the LFI reference load data streams; in-flight estimation of detector polarization parameters; and construction of maximally independent detector-set split maps. For component-separation purposes, important improvements include: maps that retain the CMB Solar dipole, allowing for high-precision relative calibration in higher-level analyses; well-defined single-detector maps, allowing for robust CO extraction; and HFI temperature maps between 217 and 857 GHz that are binned into 0′.9 pixels ( N side = 4096), ensuring that the full angular information in the data is represented in the maps even at the highest Planck resolutions. The net effect of these improvements is lower levels of noise and systematics in both frequency and component maps at essentially all angular scales, as well as notably improved internal consistency between the various frequency channels. Based on the NPIPE maps, we present the first estimate of the Solar dipole determined through component separation across all nine Planck frequencies. The amplitude is (3366.6 ± 2.7) μ K, consistent with, albeit slightly higher than, earlier estimates. From the large-scale polarization data, we derive an updated estimate of the optical depth of reionization of τ = 0.051 ± 0.006, which appears robust with respect to data and sky cuts. There are 600 complete signal, noise and systematics simulations of the full-frequency and detector-set maps. As a Planck first, these simulations include full time-domain processing of the beam-convolved CMB anisotropies. The release of NPIPE maps and simulations is accompanied with a complete suite of raw and processed time-ordered data and the software, scripts, auxiliary data, and parameter files needed to improve further on the analysis and to run matching simulations.
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