The Robotic Multiobject Focal Plane System of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)
J. SilberLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Parker FagreliusNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), USA; em2Kevin FanningCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU), USAM. SchubnellUniversity of Michigan (UM), USAJ. AguilarLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]S. AhlenBoston University (BU), USAJon AmeelUniversity of Michigan (UM), USAO. BallesterInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), SpainC. BaltayYale University, USAC. BebekLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]D. BeardLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Robert BesunerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]L. CardielInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), SpainR. CasasInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE), IEEC-CSIC, SpainF. J. CastanderInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE), IEEC-CSIC, SpainT. ClaybaughLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]C. A. DobsonSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAYutong DuanBoston University (BU), USAPsm DunlopNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), USA; em2Jerry EdelsteinSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAW. EmmetYale University, USAAnn ElliottDepartment of Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU), USAMatthew EvattNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), USA; em2Irena GershkovichUniversity of Michigan (UM), USAJ. GuyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Stu HarrisSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAHenry HeetderksLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Ian HeetderksLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]K. HonscheidCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU), USAJ. M. IllaInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), SpainPatrick JelinskyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Sharon R. JelinskySpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAJorge JiménezInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), SpainArmin KarcherLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]S. KentFermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), USAD. KirkbyUniversity of California, Irvine (UCI), USAJean‐Paul KneibÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandAndrew LambertLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]M. LamptonSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USADaniela LeitnerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]M. E. LeviLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Jeremy McCauleySpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAAaron MeisnerNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), USA; em2Timothy N. MillerSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAR. MiquelInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), SpainJuliá MundetInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), SpainClaire PoppettSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAD. RabinowitzYale University, USAK. ReilKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USADavid RomanInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), SpainDavid J. SchlegelLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]S. SerranoInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE), IEEC-CSIC, SpainWilliam Van ShourtSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USADavid SprayberryNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), USA; em2G. TarléUniversity of Michigan (UM), USASuk Sien TieDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU), USACurtis WeaverdyckUniversity of Michigan (UM), USAKai ZhangLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]M. AzzaroInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), SpainS. BaileyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]S. BecerrilInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), SpainTami BlackwellLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Mohamed BouriÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandDavid BrooksUniversity College London (UCL), USAE. Buckley‐GeerFermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), USAJosé Peñate CastroInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), SpainMark DerwentDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University (OSU), USAArjun DeyNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), USA; em2G. DhunganaSouthern Methodist University (SMU), USAP. DoelUniversity College London (UCL), USADaniel J. EisensteinCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, USANasib FahimGrupo de Investigación HCTLab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SpainJ. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica (IFT) UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SpainE. GaztañagaInstitut de Cìencies de l’Espai (ICE), IEEC-CSIC, SpainSatya Gontcho A GontchoLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]G. GutiérrezFermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), USAPhilipp HörlerÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandR. KehoeSouthern Methodist University (SMU), USATheodore KisnerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Anthony KreminLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]Luzius KronigÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), SwitzerlandMartin LandriauLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), USA; [email protected], [email protected]L. Le GuillouSorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), FrancePaul MartiniCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University (OSU), USAJohn MoustakasDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Siena College, USAN. Palanque‐DelabrouilleIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, FranceXiyan PengWill J. PercivalDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, CanadaFrancisco PradaInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), SpainCarlos Allende PrietoInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), SpainG. Gonzalez-de-RiveraGrupo de Investigación HCTLab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SpainE. SánchezCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), SpainJusto SánchezInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), SpainR. M. SharplesCentre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University, UKM. Soares-SantosUniversity of Michigan (UM), USAEdward F. SchlaflyLawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), USABenjamin A. WeaverNSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory (NOIRLab), USA; em2Zhimin ZhouYaling ZhuSpace Sciences Laboratory (SSL), UC Berkeley, USAH. Zou
2022en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract A system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10–20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over the next 5 yr, they will enable the newly constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI’s Focal Plane System includes six guide cameras, four wave front cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multiobject, fiber-fed spectrographs.
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