Overview of the Instrumentation for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
B. AbareshiJ. AguilarNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAS. AhlenLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAShadab AlamPhysics Dept., Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAD. M. AlexanderInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKR. AlfarsyCentre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKL. AllenInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKCarlos Allende PrietoNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAO. AlvesInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/ Vía Láctea, s/n, E-38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainJon AmeelDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAAlejandro AvilésPhysics Department, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAJ. AsoreyIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceS. BaileyDepartamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carreterra México-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Edo. de México C.P. 52750, MéxicoA. Balaguera-AntolínezLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAO. BallesterDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainC. BaltayInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, SpainA. BaultPhysics Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06511, USAS. F. BeltranDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USAB. BenavidesDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato—DCI, C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, MéxicoS. BenZviInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MéxicoA. BertiDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USAR. BesunerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAFlorian BeutlerSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USADavide BianchiInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKChris BlakeInstituto de Cìencias del Cosmoc, (ICCUB) Universidad de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainP. BlancCentre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaRobert BlumAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, OHP, F-04870 Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire, FranceA. BoltonNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USASownak BoseNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAD. BramallCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAS. BriedenInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKA. BrodzellerDepartament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainDavid BrooksDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAC. BrownewellDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKE. Buckley-GeerNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAR. N. CahnDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAZheng CaiLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAR. CanningDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95065, USAR. CapassoInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKA. Carnero RosellUniversity Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81677 München, GermanyP. CartonDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainR. CasasIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceF. J. CastanderInstitute of Space Sciences, ICE-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, E-08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainJorge L. Cervantes–CotaInstitute of Space Sciences, ICE-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, E-08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainSolène ChabanierDepartamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carreterra México-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Edo. de México C.P. 52750, MéxicoE. ChaussidonLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAChia-Hsun ChuangIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceChiara CircostaPhysics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 93405, USAShaun ColeDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKAndrew P. CooperInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKL. da CostaInstitute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, R.O.CMarie-Claude CousinouLaboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia, Rua Gal. Jose Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, BrazilAndrei CuceuAix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceT. M. DavisDepartment of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAKyle DawsonSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, 4072, AustraliaR. de la Cruz-NoriegaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAAxel de la MacorraDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato—DCI, C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, MéxicoArnaud de MattiaInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MéxicoJ. Della CostaIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceP. DemmerDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAM. DerwentNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAArjun DeyDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USABiprateep DeyNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAG. DhunganaDepartment of Physics & Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAZ. DingDepartment of Physics, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275, USAC. DobsonDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of ChinaP. DoelUniversity of California, Berkeley, 110 Sproul Hall #5800 Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJ. Donald-McCannDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKJ. DonaldsonInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKKelly A. DouglassNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAYutong DuanDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USAP. DunlopPhysics Dept., Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAJ. EdelsteinNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAS. EftekharzadehUniversity of California, Berkeley, 110 Sproul Hall #5800 Berkeley, CA 94720, USADaniel J. EisensteinUniversities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research CentreM. Enriquez-VargasCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAS. EscoffierInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MéxicoM. EvattAix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceP. FagreliusNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAXiaohui FanNSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAK. FanningSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAVictoria A. FawcettCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAS. FerraroCentre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKJ. ErezaLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAB. FlaugherInstituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainAndreu Font-RiberaFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAJ. E. Forero-RomeroInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, SpainCarlos S. FrenkDepartamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio Ip, CP 111711, Bogotá, ColombiaS. FromenteauInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKBoris GaensickeInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MéxicoC. García-QuinteroDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UKLehman H. GarrisonThe University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USAE. GaztañagaDepartment of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAF. GerardiInstitute of Space Sciences, ICE-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, E-08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainHéctor Gil-MarínDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKSatya Gontcho A GontchoInstituto de Cìencias del Cosmoc, (ICCUB) Universidad de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainAlma X. González‐MoralesLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAG. Gonzalez-de-RiveraDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato—DCI, C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, MéxicoVioleta González-PérezGrupo de Investigación HCTLab, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
2022en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) embarked on an ambitious 5 yr survey in 2021 May to explore the nature of dark energy with spectroscopic measurements of 40 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will determine precise redshifts and employ the baryon acoustic oscillation method to measure distances from the nearby universe to beyond redshift z > 3.5, and employ redshift space distortions to measure the growth of structure and probe potential modifications to general relativity. We describe the significant instrumentation we developed to conduct the DESI survey. This includes: a wide-field, 3.°2 diameter prime-focus corrector; a focal plane system with 5020 fiber positioners on the 0.812 m diameter, aspheric focal surface; 10 continuous, high-efficiency fiber cable bundles that connect the focal plane to the spectrographs; and 10 identical spectrographs. Each spectrograph employs a pair of dichroics to split the light into three channels that together record the light from 360–980 nm with a spectral resolution that ranges from 2000–5000. We describe the science requirements, their connection to the technical requirements, the management of the project, and interfaces between subsystems. DESI was installed at the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory and has achieved all of its performance goals. Some performance highlights include an rms positioner accuracy of better than 0.″1 and a median signal-to-noise ratio of 7 of the [O ii ] doublet at 8 × 10 −17 erg s −1 cm −2 in 1000 s for galaxies at z = 1.4–1.6. We conclude with additional highlights from the on-sky validation and commissioning, key successes, and lessons learned.
Перевод пока недоступен
Идентификаторы
Цитирования и источники
Цитирований: 20Использованных источников: 0