Target Selection and Validation of DESI Quasars
E. ChaussidonIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected]Christophe YècheIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected]N. Palanque‐DelabrouilleIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected]D. M. AlexanderCentre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKJinyi YangSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAS. AhlenPhysics Department, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAS. BaileyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USADavid BrooksDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKZheng CaiDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of ChinaSolène ChabanierLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAT. M. DavisSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, AustraliaKyle DawsonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAAxel de laMacorraInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, MéxicoArjun DeyNSF's NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USABiprateep DeyDepartment of Physics & Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USASarah EftekharzadehUniversities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USADaniel J. EisensteinCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAKevin FanningCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAAndreu Font-RiberaInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, SpainE. GaztañagaInstitut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, SpainSatya Gontcho A GontchoLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAlma X. González‐MoralesConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582. Colonia Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940, México D.F. MéxicoJ. GuyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAH. K. Herrera-AlcantarDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato—DCI, C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, MéxicoK. HonscheidCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAMustapha IshakDepartment of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USALinhua JiangKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University, PKU, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaS. JuneauNSF's NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAR. KehoeDepartment of Physics, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275, USATheodore KisnerLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAAndrás KovácsDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainAnthony KreminLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USATing-Wen LanGraduate Institute of Astrophysics and Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, TaiwanMartin LandriauLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAL. Le GuillouSorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), F-75005 Paris, FranceM. E. LeviLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAC. MagnevilleIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected]Paul MartiniCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAAaron MeisnerNSF's NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAJohn MoustakasDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211, USAA. Muñoz-GutiérrezInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, MéxicoAdam D. MyersDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University, Department 3905, Laramie, WY 82071, USAJeffrey A. NewmanDepartment of Physics & Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAJundan NieNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People’s Republic of ChinaWill J. PercivalDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaClaire PoppettLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAFrancisco PradaInstituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainAnand RaichoorLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAC. RavouxIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; [email protected]A.J. RossCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAEdward F. SchlaflyLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808 L-211, Livermore, CA 94551, USADavid J. SchlegelLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAT. TanSorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), F-75005 Paris, FranceG. TarléUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USARongpu ZhouLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAZhimin ZhouNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People’s Republic of ChinaH. ZouNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, People’s Republic of China
2023en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey will measure large-scale structures using quasars as direct tracers of dark matter in the redshift range 0.9 < z < 2.1 and using Ly α forests in quasar spectra at z > 2.1. We present several methods to select candidate quasars for DESI, using input photometric imaging in three optical bands ( g , r , z ) from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys and two infrared bands (W1, W2) from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. These methods were extensively tested during the Survey Validation of DESI. In this paper, we report on the results obtained with the different methods and present the selection we optimized for the DESI main survey. The final quasar target selection is based on a random forest algorithm and selects quasars in the magnitude range of 16.5 < r < 23. Visual selection of ultra-deep observations indicates that the main selection consists of 71% quasars, 16% galaxies, 6% stars, and 7% inconclusive spectra. Using the spectra based on this selection, we build an automated quasar catalog that achieves a fraction of true QSOs higher than 99% for a nominal effective exposure time of ∼1000 s. With a 310 deg −2 target density, the main selection allows DESI to select more than 200 deg −2 quasars (including 60 deg −2 quasars with z > 2.1), exceeding the project requirements by 20%. The redshift distribution of the selected quasars is in excellent agreement with quasar luminosity function predictions.
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