Validation of the Scientific Program for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
A. G. AdameInstituto de Física Teórica (IFT) UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain; [email protected]J. AguilarLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAS. AhlenPhysics Dept., Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USAShadab AlamTata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, IndiaG. AlderingLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAD. M. AlexanderCentre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKR. AlfarsyInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKCarlos Allende PrietoDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainMarcelo A. AlvarezLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAO. AlvesUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAAbhijeet AnandLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAF. Andrade-OliveiraUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAE. ArmengaudIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceJ. AsoreyCIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, SpainS. ÀvilaInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainAlejandro AvilésConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582. Colonia Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940, México D.F. MéxicoS. BaileyLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAA. Balaguera-AntolínezDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainO. BallesterInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainC. BaltayPhysics Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06511, USAA. BaultDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USAJ BautistaAix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceJayashree BeheraDepartment of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USAS. F. BeltranDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato—DCI, C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, MéxicoS. BenZviDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USALeandro Beraldo e SilvaDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAJ. R. Bermejo-ClimentDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USAA. BertiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USARobert BesunerSpace Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAFlorian BeutlerInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKDavide BianchiDipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli,”Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, ItalyChris BlakeCentre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, AustraliaRobert BlumNSF's NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAA. BoltonNSF's NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAS. BriedenInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UKA. BrodzellerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USADavid BrooksDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKZackary BrownDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USAE. Buckley‐GeerDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USAE. BurtinIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceL. Cabayol-GarciaInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainZheng CaiDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAR. E. A. CanningInstitute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UKL. Cardiel-SasInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainA. Carnero RosellDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainF. J. CastanderInstitut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, SpainJorge L. Cervantes–CotaDepartamento de Física, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carreterra México-Toluca S/N, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Edo. de México C.P. 52750, MéxicoSolène ChabanierLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAE. ChaussidonIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceJ. Chaves-MonteroInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainS. ChenInstitute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USAXinyi ChenPhysics Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208120, New Haven, CT 06511, USAChia-Hsun ChuangDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAT. ClaybaughLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAShaun ColeInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKAndrew P. CooperInstitute of Astronomy and Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Kuang-Fu Road Sec. 2, Hsinchu 30013, TaiwanAndrei CuceuCenter for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAT. M. DavisSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, 4072, AustraliaKyle DawsonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USARoger de BelsunceKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UKRodrigo de la CruzDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Guanajuato—DCI, C.P. 37150, Leon, Guanajuato, MéxicoAxel de la MacorraInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. de México C.P. 04510, MéxicoArnaud de MattiaUniversité Paris-SaclayR. DeminaDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USAJoseph DeRoseLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAArjun DeyNSF's NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USABiprateep DeyDepartment of Physics & Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USAG. DhunganaDepartment of Physics, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275, USAJiani DingDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAZ. DingDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaPeter DoelDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UKRajkumar DoshiDepartment of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USAKelly A. DouglassDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USAA. C. EdgeInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKSarah EftekharzadehUniversities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Centre, USADaniel J. EisensteinCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAA. ElliottDepartment of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USAS. EscoffierAix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, FranceParker FagreliusNSF's NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USAXiaohui FanSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAK. FanningThe Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAVictoria A. FawcettSchool of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UKS. FerraroLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAJ. ErezaInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainB. FlaugherFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USAAndreu Font-RiberaInstitut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainD. Forero-SánchezEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandJ. E. Forero-RomeroDepartamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio Ip, CP 111711, Bogotá, ColombiaCarlos S. FrenkInstitute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKB. T. GänsickeDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UKLuz Ángela GarcíaUniversidad ECCI, Cra. 19 No. 49-20, Bogotá, Colombia, Código Postal 111311, USAJ. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica (IFT) UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain; [email protected]C. García-QuinteroDepartment of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USAL. H. GarrisonCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USAHéctor Gil-MarínInstituto de Cìencias del Cosmoc, (ICCUB) Universidad de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainJ. Golden-MarxDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of ChinaSatya Gontcho A GontchoLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAA. X. Gonzalez-MoralesConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582. Colonia Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez C.P. 03940, México D.F. MéxicoVioleta González-PérezCentro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental (CIAFF), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
2024en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) was designed to conduct a survey covering 14,000 deg 2 over 5 yr to constrain the cosmic expansion history through precise measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO). The scientific program for DESI was evaluated during a 5 month survey validation (SV) campaign before beginning full operations. This program produced deep spectra of tens of thousands of objects from each of the stellar Milky Way Survey (MWS), Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS), luminous red galaxy (LRG), emission line galaxy (ELG), and quasar target classes. These SV spectra were used to optimize redshift distributions, characterize exposure times, determine calibration procedures, and assess observational overheads for the 5 yr program. In this paper, we present the final target selection algorithms, redshift distributions, and projected cosmology constraints resulting from those studies. We also present a One-Percent Survey conducted at the conclusion of SV covering 140 deg 2 using the final target selection algorithms with exposures of a depth typical of the main survey. The SV indicates that DESI will be able to complete the full 14,000 deg 2 program with spectroscopically confirmed targets from the MWS, BGS, LRG, ELG, and quasar programs with total sample sizes of 7.2, 13.8, 7.46, 15.7, and 2.87 million, respectively. These samples will allow exploration of the Milky Way halo, clustering on all scales, and BAO measurements with a statistical precision of 0.28% over the redshift interval z < 1.1, 0.39% over the redshift interval 1.1 < z < 1.9, and 0.46% over the redshift interval 1.9 < z < 3.5.
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