Статья

Crystallization in one-step solution deposition of perovskite films: Upward or downward?

Shangshang ChenDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAXun XiaoDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USABo ChenDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USALeah L. KellyStanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USAJingjing ZhaoDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAYuze LinDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAMichael F. ToneyDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USAJinsong HuangDepartment of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

2021en

ABI

Аннотация

Despite the fast progress of perovskite photovoltaic performances, understanding the crystallization and growth of perovskite films is still lagging. One unanswered fundamental question is whether the perovskite films are grown from top (air side) to bottom (substrate side) or from bottom to top despite 10 years of development. Here, by using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and morphology characterizations, we unveil that the perovskite films prepared by one-step solution processes, including antisolvent-assisted spin coating and blade coating, follow the downward growth from intermediate phase during thermal annealing. Such a top-to-bottom downward growth is initialized by the evaporation of residual solvent from the top surface of "wet" films and is less sensitive to perovskite compositions and the wettability of underlying substrates. Addressing this fundamental question is important to understand the heterogeneity of perovskite films along the vertical direction, which markedly affects the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2412

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 4Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar