Статья

The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans

Sarah A. TishkoffDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAFloyd A. ReedDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAFrançoise R. FriedlaenderIndependent researcher, Sharon, CT 06069, USAChristopher EhretDepartment of History, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAAlessia RanciaroDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAAlain FromentUMR 208, IRD-MNHN, Musée de l’Homme, 75116 Paris, FranceJibril HirboDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAAgnes A. AwomoyiDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAJean-Marie BodoMinistère de la Recherche Scientifique et de l’Innovation, BP 1457, Yaoundé, CameroonOgobara K. DoumboMalaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, MaliMuntaser E. IbrahimDepartment of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, 15-13 Khartoum, SudanAbdalla T. JumaDepartment of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, 15-13 Khartoum, SudanMaritha J. KotzeDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South AfricaGodfrey LemaDepartment of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaJason H. MooreDepartments of Genetics and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USAHolly M. MortensenDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAThomas NyamboDepartment of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaSabah A. OmarKenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, 54840-00200 Nairobi, KenyaKweli PowellDepartment of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAG S PretoriusDivision of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South AfricaMichael W. SmithLaboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USAMahamadou A. ThéraMalaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, MaliCharles WambebeJames L. WeberMarshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI 54449, USAScott M. WilliamsDepartment of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA

2009en

ABI

Аннотация

Africa is the source of all modern humans, but characterization of genetic variation and of relationships among populations across the continent has been enigmatic. We studied 121 African populations, four African American populations, and 60 non-African populations for patterns of variation at 1327 nuclear microsatellite and insertion/deletion markers. We identified 14 ancestral population clusters in Africa that correlate with self-described ethnicity and shared cultural and/or linguistic properties. We observed high levels of mixed ancestry in most populations, reflecting historical migration events across the continent. Our data also provide evidence for shared ancestry among geographically diverse hunter-gatherer populations (Khoesan speakers and Pygmies). The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (approximately 71%), European (approximately 13%), and other African (approximately 8%) populations, although admixture levels varied considerably among individuals. This study helps tease apart the complex evolutionary history of Africans and African Americans, aiding both anthropological and genetic epidemiologic studies.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1126/science.1172257

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

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