Статья

Qualitative and Quantitative Recognition of Volatile Organic Compounds in Their Liquid Phase Based on Terahertz Microfluidic EIT Meta-Sensors

Wenfeng FuTerahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative, Innovation Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaLi SunShanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaHongyan CaoTerahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative, Innovation Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaLin ChenTerahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative, Innovation Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaMing ZhouShanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, ChinaShengyuan ShenTerahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative, Innovation Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaYiming ZhuTerahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative, Innovation Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, ChinaSonglin ZhuangTerahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative, Innovation Center Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China

2023en

ABI

Аннотация

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are directly associated with human health concerns and environmental safety. Therefore, it is urgent to achieve accurate detection of VOCs both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this work, the qualitative detection of ethyl benzene (EB), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and ethyl acetate (EA)—three pure VOCs in liquid phase—was discussed using terahertz (THz) microfluidic electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) meta-sensors. The THz response illustrated that with an increase in VOCs’ volumes (1– <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6~\mu \text{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), resonant frequencies of dual transmission dips (0.855 and 1.724 THz) and the EIT peak (1.213 THz) exhibited redshift. The limit of detections (LODs) for pure IPA, EA, and EB can achieve 5.45, 13.46, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.35~\mu \text{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , respectively. The multivariate fusion (MF) model based on the EIT responses to VOCs was utilized to improve the accuracy of trace detection and classification of VOCs. Furthermore, the above method combined with principal component analysis with the Gaussian mixture model (PCA-GMM) and the neural network classification algorithm support vector machine (SVM) was applied to the recognition of VOCs. In addition, the THz method is not feasible to detect trace amounts of VOCs (typically 0.3 mg/L) in wastewater because water is highly absorbable in the THz band and VOCs will evaporate if water is removed. Here, IPA, EA, and EB in soil were detected and classified by PCA-GMM combined with MF. Our results provide a new THz meta-sensor platform to trace the detection of VOCs in the liquid phase and soil and may be used to identify hazardous wastes in illegal dumping.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2023.3268167

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar