Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Andrea AntinoriFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DGabriele ArendtFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DJames T. BeckerFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DBruce J. BrewFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DDesiree ByrdFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DMariana ChernerFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DDavid B. CliffordFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DPaola CinqueFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DLeon G. EpsteinFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DKarl GoodkinFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DMagnus GisslénFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DIgor GrantFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DRobert K. HeatonFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DJoby JosephFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DKaren MarderFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DChristina M. MarraFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DJustin C. McArthurFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DMichael NunnFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DRichard W. PriceFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DLynn PulliamFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DK. R. RobertsonFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DNed SacktorFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DVictor ValcourFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (DValerie WojnaFrom the Clinical Department (A.A.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (G.A.), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Neurology and HIV Medicine (B.J.B.), St. Vincents Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Pathology (D
2007en
ABI
Аннотация
In 1991, the AIDS Task Force of the American Academy of Neurology published nomenclature and research case definitions to guide the diagnosis of neurologic manifestations of HIV-1 infection. Now, 16 years later, the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke have charged a working group to critically review the adequacy and utility of these definitional criteria and to identify aspects that require updating. This report represents a majority view, and unanimity was not reached on all points. It reviews our collective experience with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), particularly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral treatment, and their definitional criteria; discusses the impact of comorbidities; and suggests inclusion of the term asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment to categorize individuals with subclinical impairment. An algorithm is proposed to assist in standardized diagnostic classification of HAND.
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