<i>Gaia</i> Data Release 2
A. G. A. BrownLeiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The NetherlandsA. VallenariINAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, ItalyT. PrustiScience Support Office, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The NetherlandsJ. H. J. de BruijneScience Support Office, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, The NetherlandsC. BabusiauxUniversité Grenoble AlpesC. A. L. Bailer-JonesMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyM. BiermannAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyD. W. EvansInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKL. EyerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandF. JansenMission Operations Division, Operations Department, Directorate of Science, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA/ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsC. JordiInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainS. A. KlionerLohrmann Observatory, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 13, 01062 Dresden, GermanyU. LammersEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainL. LindegrenLund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Box 43, 22100 Lund, SwedenX. LuriInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainF. MignardUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, FranceC. PanemCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceD. PourbaixF.R.S.-FNRS, Rue d'Egmont 5, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumS. RandichINAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, ItalyP. SartorettiGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceH. I. SiddiquiTelespazio Vega UK Ltd for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainC. SoubiranLaboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, FranceF. van LeeuwenInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKN. A. WaltonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKF. ArenouGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceU. BastianAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyM. CropperMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKR. DrimmelINAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, ItalyD. KatzGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceM. G. LattanziINAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, ItalyJ. BakkerEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainC. CacciariINAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyJ. CastañedaInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainL. ChaoulCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceN. CheekF. De AngeliInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKC. FabriciusInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainR. GuerraEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainB. HollDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandE. MasanaInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainR. MessineoN. MowlavïDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandK. NienartowiczDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandP. PanuzzoGEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, FranceJ. PortellInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainM. RielloInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKG. M. SeabrokeMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKP. TangaUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, FranceF. ThéveninUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, FranceG. Gracia-AbrilAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyG. ComorettoTelespazio Vega UK Ltd for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainM. Garcia-ReinaldosEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainD. TeyssierTelespazio Vega UK Ltd for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainM. AltmannAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyR. AndraeMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyM. AudardDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandI. Bellas-VelidisNational Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa and Vas. Pavlou, Palaia Penteli, 15236 Athens, GreeceK BensonMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKJ. BerthierIMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, FranceR. BlommeRoyal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumP. BurgessInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKG. BussoInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKB. CarryUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, FranceA. CellinoINAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, ItalyG. ClementiniINAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyM. ClotetInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainO. L. CreeveyUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, FranceM. DavidsonInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKJ. De RidderInstituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, BelgiumL. DelchambreInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, BelgiumAldo Dell'OroINAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, ItalyC. DucourantLaboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, FranceJ. Fernández-HernándezATG Europe for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainM. FouesneauMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyY. FrématRoyal Observatory of Belgium, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussels, BelgiumL. GalluccioUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, FranceMiguel García-TorresÁrea de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, SpainJ. González-NúñezSerco Gestión de Negocios for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainJ. J. González–VidalInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, SpainE. GossetInstitut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, BelgiumL. P. GuyDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, SwitzerlandJ.-L. HalbwachsObservatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, FranceN. C. HamblyInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UKD. L. HarrisonKavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0HA, UKJ. HernándezEuropean Space Astronomy Centre (ESA/ESAC), Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainDaniel HestrofferIMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Lille, 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, FranceS. T. HodgkinInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKA. HuttonAurora Technology for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainG. JasniewiczLaboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC72, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, FranceA. Jean-Antoine-PiccoloCNES Centre Spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, FranceS. JordanAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyA. J. KornDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, SwedenA. Krone-MartinsCENTRA, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Campo Grande, Edif. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalA. C. LanzafameINAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, ItalyT. LebzelterUniversity of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, Türkenschanz- straße 17, 1180 Vienna, AustriaW. LöfflerAstronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstr. 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyM. ManteigaCITIC - Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of A Coruña, Campus de Elviña s/n, 15071 A Coruña, SpainP. M. MarreseINAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), ItalyJ. M. Martín-FleitasAurora Technology for ESA/ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanizaciòn Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainA. MoitinhoCENTRA, Universidade de Lisboa, FCUL, Campo Grande, Edif. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
2018en
ABI
Аннотация
Context. We present the second Gaia data release, Gaia DR2, consisting of astrometry, photometry, radial velocities, and information on astrophysical parameters and variability, for sources brighter than magnitude 21. In addition epoch astrometry and photometry are provided for a modest sample of minor planets in the solar system. Aims. A summary of the contents of Gaia DR2 is presented, accompanied by a discussion on the differences with respect to Gaia DR1 and an overview of the main limitations which are still present in the survey. Recommendations are made on the responsible use of Gaia DR2 results. Methods. The raw data collected with the Gaia instruments during the first 22 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into this second data release, which represents a major advance with respect to Gaia DR1 in terms of completeness, performance, and richness of the data products. Results. Gaia DR2 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.7 billion sources. For 1.3 billion of those sources, parallaxes and proper motions are in addition available. The sample of sources for which variability information is provided is expanded to 0.5 million stars. This data release contains four new elements: broad-band colour information in the form of the apparent brightness in the G BP (330–680 nm) and G RP (630–1050 nm) bands is available for 1.4 billion sources; median radial velocities for some 7 million sources are presented; for between 77 and 161 million sources estimates are provided of the stellar effective temperature, extinction, reddening, and radius and luminosity; and for a pre-selected list of 14 000 minor planets in the solar system epoch astrometry and photometry are presented. Finally, Gaia DR2 also represents a new materialisation of the celestial reference frame in the optical, the Gaia -CRF2, which is the first optical reference frame based solely on extragalactic sources. There are notable changes in the photometric system and the catalogue source list with respect to Gaia DR1, and we stress the need to consider the two data releases as independent. Conclusions. Gaia DR2 represents a major achievement for the Gaia mission, delivering on the long standing promise to provide parallaxes and proper motions for over 1 billion stars, and representing a first step in the availability of complementary radial velocity and source astrophysical information for a sample of stars in the Gaia survey which covers a very substantial fraction of the volume of our galaxy.
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