Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar BL Lacertae: A New Fast TeV Gamma-Ray Flare
A. U. AbeysekaraDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAW. BenbowFred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USAR. BirdDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAT. BrantsegDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USARobert BroseDESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyM. BuchoveckyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAJ. H. BuckleyDepartment of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USAV. BugaevDepartment of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USAM. P. ConnollySchool of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, IrelandWei CuiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAM. K. DanielFred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USAA. FalconeDepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USAQ. FengPhysics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USAJ. P. FinleyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAL. FortsonSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAA. FurnissDepartment of Physics, California State University—East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USAG. H. GillandersSchool of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, IrelandIsuru GunawardhanaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAMoritz HüttenD. HannaPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; [email protected]O. HervetSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; [email protected]J. HolderDepartment of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USAG. HughesFred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USAT. B. HumenskyPhysics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USAC. A. JohnsonSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; [email protected]P. KaaretDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAP. KarDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USAM. KertzmanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USAF. KrennrichDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAM. J. LangSchool of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, IrelandT. T. Y. LinPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; [email protected]S. McArthurDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAP. MoriartySchool of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, IrelandR. MukherjeeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USAS. O’BrienSchool of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, IrelandR. A. OngDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USAA. N. OtteSchool of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430, USAN. ParkEnrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAA. PetrashykPhysics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USAM. PohlDESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, GermanyE. PueschelJ. QuinnSchool of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, IrelandK. RaganPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; [email protected]P. T. ReynoldsDepartment of Physical Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, IrelandG. T. RichardsSchool of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430, USAE. RoacheFred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USAC. B. RultenSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAI. SadehM. SantanderDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USAG. H. SembroskiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAK. ShahinyanSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAS. P. WakelyEnrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAA. J. WeinsteinDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAR. M. WellsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAP. WilcoxDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAD. A. WilliamsSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; [email protected]B. ZitzerPhysics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; [email protected]Svetlana G. JorstadAstronomical Institute, St.Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St.Petersburg, RussiaAlan P. MarscherInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; [email protected]M. L. ListerPurdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAY. Y. KovalevAstro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, 117997 Moscow, RussiaA. B. PushkarevAstro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute, Profsoyuznaya 84/32, 117997 Moscow, RussiaT. SavolainenAalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, FinlandI. AgudoInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Apartado 3004, E-18080 Granada, SpainS. N. MolinaInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Apartado 3004, E-18080 Granada, SpainJosé L. GómezInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Apartado 3004, E-18080 Granada, SpainV. M. LarionovAstronomical Institute, St.Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St.Petersburg, RussiaГ. А. БорманCrimean Astrophysical Observatory, 98409 Nauchny, Crimea, Russia †A. A. MokrushinaAstronomical Institute, St.Petersburg State University, Universitetskij Pr. 28, Petrodvorets, 198504 St.Petersburg, RussiaM. TornikoskiAalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, FinlandA. LähteenmäkiAalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, FinlandWara ChamaniAalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, FinlandS. EnestamAalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, PL 15500, FI-00076 Aalto, FinlandS. KiehlmannOwens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAT. HovattaTuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, 21500 Kaarina, FinlandPaul S. SmithSteward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85716, USAP. PontrelliSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; [email protected]
2018en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract Combined with measurements made by very-long-baseline interferometry, the observations of fast TeV gamma-ray flares probe the structure and emission mechanism of blazar jets. However, only a handful of such flares have been detected to date, and only within the last few years have these flares been observed from lower-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars. We report on a fast TeV gamma-ray flare from the blazar BL Lacertae observed by the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). with a rise time of ∼2.3 hr and a decay time of ∼36 min. The peak flux above 200 GeV is (4.2 ± 0.6) × 10 −6 photon m −2 s −1 measured with a 4-minute-binned light curve, corresponding to ∼180% of the flux that is observed from the Crab Nebula above the same energy threshold. Variability contemporaneous with the TeV gamma-ray flare was observed in GeV gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical flux, as well as in optical and radio polarization. Additionally, a possible moving emission feature with superluminal apparent velocity was identified in Very Long Baseline Array observations at 43 GHz, potentially passing the radio core of the jet around the time of the gamma-ray flare. We discuss the constraints on the size, Lorentz factor, and location of the emitting region of the flare, and the interpretations with several theoretical models that invoke relativistic plasma passing stationary shocks.
Перевод пока недоступен
Идентификаторы
Цитирования и источники
Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0