The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars
N. R. TanvirUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; [email protected]A. J. LevanDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKC. Gónzalez-FernándezInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKOleg KorobkinComputational Methods Group (CCS-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USAIlya MandelBirmingham Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKStephan RosswogThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenJ. HjorthDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkP. D’AvanzoINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), ItalyA. S. FruchterSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAChris L. FryerComputational Methods Group (CCS-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USAT. KangasSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAB. Milvang‐JensenDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkS. RosettiUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; [email protected]D. SteeghsDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKRyan WollaegerComputational Methods Group (CCS-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USAZ. CanoInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, SpainC. CopperwheatAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKS. CovinoINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), ItalyV. D’EliaINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati, 33, I-00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyA. de Ugarte PostigoDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkN. GehrelsUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; [email protected]Wesley EvenComputational Methods Group (CCS-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USAS. FairhurstSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKR. Figuera JaimesSUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UKChristopher J. FontesComputational Methods Group (CCS-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USAYuri I. FujiiInstitute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, JapanJ. P. U. FynboNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkB. P. GompertzDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKJ. GreinerMax-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstr. 1, D-85740 Garching, GermanyGabriella HodosánInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, SpainM. J. IrwinInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKP. JakobssonCentre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavík, IcelandU. G. JørgensenNiels Bohr Institute & Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5, DK-1350—Copenhagen, DenmarkД. А. КаннInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, SpainJ. LymanDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKD. MalesaniNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkR. G. McMahonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKA. MelandriINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), ItalyP. T. O’BrienUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; [email protected]J. P. OsborneUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; [email protected]E. PalazziINAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, ItalyD. A. PerleyAstrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UKE. PianINAF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, ItalyS. PiranomonteINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati, 33, I-00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyM. RabusInstituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, ChileE. RolSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, P.O. Box 27, Clayton, Victoria 3800, AustraliaA. RowlinsonASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, The NetherlandsS. SchulzeDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761000, IsraelP. J. SuttonSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKC. C. ThöneInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, SpainK. UlaczykDepartment of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UKD. WatsonNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkK. WiersemaUniversity of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy and Leicester Institute of Space & Earth Observation, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; [email protected]R. A. M. J. WijersAnton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2017en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract We report the discovery and monitoring of the near-infrared counterpart (AT2017gfo) of a binary neutron-star merger event detected as a gravitational wave source by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo (GW170817) and as a short gamma-ray burst by Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Integral SPI-ACS (GRB 170817A). The evolution of the transient light is consistent with predictions for the behavior of a “kilonova/macronova” powered by the radioactive decay of massive neutron-rich nuclides created via r -process nucleosynthesis in the neutron-star ejecta. In particular, evidence for this scenario is found from broad features seen in Hubble Space Telescope infrared spectroscopy, similar to those predicted for lanthanide-dominated ejecta, and the much slower evolution in the near-infrared <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">s</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> -band compared to the optical. This indicates that the late-time light is dominated by high-opacity lanthanide-rich ejecta, suggesting nucleosynthesis to the third r -process peak (atomic masses <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>195</mml:mn> </mml:math> ). This discovery confirms that neutron-star mergers produce kilo-/macronovae and that they are at least a major—if not the dominant—site of rapid neutron capture nucleosynthesis in the universe.
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