Статья

The Photon Ring in M87*

Avery E. BroderickWaterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, CanadaD. W. PesceBlack Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USARoman GoldCP3 origins ∣ University of Southern Denmark (SDU) Campusvej 55, Odense, DenmarkPaul TiedeDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, CanadaHung-Yi PuPhysics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, TaiwanRichard AnantuaDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USAS. BritzenMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyChiara CeccobelloDepartment of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, SwedenKoushik ChatterjeeBlack Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAXiaopeng ChengKey Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of ChinaNicholas S. ConroyDepartment of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USAG. CrewMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USAAlejandro Cruz-OsorioInstitut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyYuzhu CuiDepartment of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Mizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861, Japan; Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of ChinaSheperd S. DoelemanCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USARazieh EmamiCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAJoseph FarahDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USAChristian M. FrommMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyPeter GalisonDepartment of History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USABoris GeorgievPerimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON, N2L 2Y5, CanadaLuis C. HoDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaD. J. JamesASTRAVEO, LLC, PO Box 1668, Gloucester, MA 01931, USABritton JeterInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.CAlejandra Jiménez-RosalesDepartment of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsJun Yi KoayInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.CC. KrämerInstitut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, FranceT. P. KrichbaumMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanySang-Sung LeeKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daedeok-daero 776, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaM. LindqvistDepartment of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-43992 Onsala, SwedenI. Martí‐VidalDepartament d'Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, C. Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, València, SpainK. M. MentenMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyYosuke MizunoSchool of Physics & Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of ChinaJ. M. MoranCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMonika MościbrodzkaDepartment of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The NetherlandsAntonios NathanailInstitut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyJoey NeilsenVillanova University, Mendel Science Center Rm. 263B, 800 E Lancaster Avenue, Villanova PA 19085, USAChunchong NiWaterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, CanadaJongho ParkKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daedeok-daero 776, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaVincent PiétuInstitut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, 300 rue de la Piscine, F-38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, FranceLuciano RezzollaInstitut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyAngelo RicarteCenter for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USABart RipperdaDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USALijing ShaoKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaFumie TazakiMizusawa VLBI Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, Iwate 023-0861, JapanKenji TomaFrontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, JapanPablo TornéMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyJonathan WeintroubBlack Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAMaciek WielgusMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, GermanyYe‐Fei YuanKey Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of ChinaShan-Shan ZhaoShanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of ChinaShuo ZhangBard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, USA

2022en

ABI

Аннотация

Abstract We report measurements of the gravitationally lensed secondary image—the first in an infinite series of so-called “photon rings”—around the supermassive black hole M87* via simultaneous modeling and imaging of the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations. The inferred ring size remains constant across the seven days of the 2017 EHT observing campaign and is consistent with theoretical expectations, providing clear evidence that such measurements probe spacetime and a striking confirmation of the models underlying the first set of EHT results. The residual diffuse emission evolves on timescales comparable to one week. We are able to detect with high significance a southwestern extension consistent with that expected from the base of a jet that is rapidly rotating in the clockwise direction. This result adds further support to the identification of the jet in M87* with a black hole spin-driven outflow, launched via the Blandford–Znajek process. We present three revised estimates for the mass of M87* based on identifying the modeled thin ring component with the bright ringlike features seen in simulated images, one of which is only weakly sensitive to the astrophysics of the emission region. All three estimates agree with each other and previously reported values. Our strongest mass constraint combines information from both the ring and the diffuse emission region, which together imply a mass-to-distance ratio of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4.20</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.06</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mspace width="0.25em"/> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>as</mml:mi> </mml:math> and a corresponding black hole mass of (7.13 ± 0.39) × 10 9 M ⊙ , where the error on the latter is now dominated by the systematic uncertainty arising from the uncertain distance to M87*.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c1d

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Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

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