<i>Planck</i>2018 results
Y. AkramiDépartement de Physique, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, FranceFrederico ArrojaInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalM. AshdownAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKJ. AumontUniversité de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, FranceC. BaccigalupiSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyM. BallardiniDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South AfricaA. J. BandayCNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceR. B. BarreiroInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainN. BartoloDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyS. BasakSchool of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, IndiaK. BenabedInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceJ.-P. BernardCNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceM. BersanelliDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, ItalyP. BielewiczNational Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. L. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandJ. R. BondCITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaJ. BorrillComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USAF. R. BouchetInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceM. BucherAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceC. BuriganaDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyR. C. ButlerINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyE. CalabreseSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UKJ.-F. CardosoInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceB. CasaponsaInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainA. ChallinorCentre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UKH. C. ChiangAstrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaL. P. L. ColomboDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, ItalyC. CombetLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceB. P. CrillCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAF. CuttaiaINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyP. de BernardisDipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma, ItalyA. de RosaINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyG. de ZottiINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, ItalyJ. DelabrouilleAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceJ.‐M. DelouisLaboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Brest, FranceEleonora Di ValentinoJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UKJ. M. DiegoInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainO. DoréCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAM. DouspisInstitut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay cedex, FranceA. DucoutKavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277- 8583, JapanX. DupacEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainS. DusiniIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyG. EfstathiouInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKF. ElsnerMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyT. A. EnßlinMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyH. K. EriksenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayY. FantayeAfrican Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South AfricaJ. FergussonCentre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UKR. Fernández-CobosInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainF. Finelli⋆INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyM. FrailisINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyA. A. FraisseDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAE. FranceschiINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyA. FrolovSimon Fraser University, Department of Physics, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, CanadaS. GaleottaINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyS. GalliInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceK. GangaAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceR. T. Génova-SantosDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainM. GerbinoHEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USAJ. González-NuevoDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 18, Oviedo, SpainK. M. GórskiJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAS. GrattonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UKA. GruppusoINAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyJ. E. GudmundssonDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAJ. HamannSchool of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaWill HandleyAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKF. K. HansenInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayD. HerranzInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainE. HivonInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, FranceZhiqi HuangSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR ChinaA. H. JaffeImperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UKW. C. JonesDepartment of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAGabriel JungDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyE. KeihänenDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandR. KeskitaloComputational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USAK. KiiveriDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandJ. KimMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, GermanyN. KrachmalnicoffSISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, ItalyM. KunzAfrican Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South AfricaH. Kurki‐SuonioDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandJ.–M. LamarreSorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, FranceA. LasenbyAstrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UKM. LattanziDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyC. R. LawrenceJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USAM. Le JeuneAPC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, FranceF. LevrierSorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, FranceAntony LewisDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UKM. LiguoriDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyP. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, NorwayV. LindholmDepartment of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandM. López-CaniegoEuropean Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainYin-Zhe MaNAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre (NUCAC), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South AfricaJ. F. Macías–PérezLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, FranceG. MaggioINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyD. MainoDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, ItalyN. MandolesiDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyA. Marcos-CaballeroInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainM. MarisINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, ItalyP. G. MartinCITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, CanadaE. Martínez-GonzálezInstituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, SpainS. MatarreseDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
2020en
ABI
Аннотация
We analyse the Planck full-mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E -mode polarization maps to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). We compare estimates obtained from separable template-fitting, binned, and optimal modal bispectrum estimators, finding consistent values for the local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes. Our combined temperature and polarization analysis produces the following final results: f NL local = −0.9 ± 5.1; f NL equil = −26 ± 47; and f NL ortho = −38 ± 24 (68% CL, statistical). These results include low-multipole (4 ≤ ℓ < 40) polarization data that are not included in our previous analysis. The results also pass an extensive battery of tests (with additional tests regarding foreground residuals compared to 2015), and they are stable with respect to our 2015 measurements (with small fluctuations, at the level of a fraction of a standard deviation, which is consistent with changes in data processing). Polarization-only bispectra display a significant improvement in robustness; they can now be used independently to set primordial NG constraints with a sensitivity comparable to WMAP temperature-based results and they give excellent agreement. In addition to the analysis of the standard local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum shapes, we consider a large number of additional cases, such as scale-dependent feature and resonance bispectra, isocurvature primordial NG, and parity-breaking models, where we also place tight constraints but do not detect any signal. The non-primordial lensing bispectrum is, however, detected with an improved significance compared to 2015, excluding the null hypothesis at 3.5 σ . Beyond estimates of individual shape amplitudes, we also present model-independent reconstructions and analyses of the Planck CMB bispectrum. Our final constraint on the local primordial trispectrum shape is g NL local = (−5.8 ± 6.5) × 10 4 (68% CL, statistical), while constraints for other trispectrum shapes are also determined. Exploiting the tight limits on various bispectrum and trispectrum shapes, we constrain the parameter space of different early-Universe scenarios that generate primordial NG, including general single-field models of inflation, multi-field models (e.g. curvaton models), models of inflation with axion fields producing parity-violation bispectra in the tensor sector, and inflationary models involving vector-like fields with directionally-dependent bispectra. Our results provide a high-precision test for structure-formation scenarios, showing complete agreement with the basic picture of the ΛCDM cosmology regarding the statistics of the initial conditions, with cosmic structures arising from adiabatic, passive, Gaussian, and primordial seed perturbations.
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