Статья

SUPER-LUMINOUS TYPE Ic SUPERNOVAE: CATCHING A MAGNETAR BY THE TAIL

C. InserraAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKStephen SmarttAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKAnders JerkstrandAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKStefano ValentiDepartment of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Broida Hall, Mail Code 9530, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USAMorgan FraserAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKD. J. WrightAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKK. SmithAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKT. W. ChenAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKR. KotakAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKA. PastorelloINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, ItalyM. NichollAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKFabio BresolinInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAR. P. KudritzkiInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAS. BenettiINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, ItalyM. T. BotticellaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, ItalyW. S. BurgettInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAK. C. ChambersInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAM. ErgonThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenH. FlewellingInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAJ. P. U. FynboDark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, DenmarkS. GeierNordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, SpainK. W. HodappInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAD. A. HowellLas Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr., Suite 102 Goleta, CA 93117, USAM. E. HuberInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAN. KaiserInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAG. LeloudasThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenL. MagillAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKE. A. MagnierInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAM. McCrumAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UKN. MetcalfeDepartment of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UKP. A. PriceInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAA. RestSpace Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAJ. SollermanThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenWilliam E. SweeneyInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAF. TaddiaThe Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, SwedenS. TaubenbergerMax-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching, GermanyJ. TonryInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAR. J. WainscoatInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAC. WatersInstitute of Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USAD. R. YoungAstrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK

2013en

ABI

Аннотация

We report extensive observational data for five of the lowest redshift Super-Luminous Type Ic Supernovae (SL-SNe Ic) discovered to date, namely, PTF10hgi, SN2011ke, PTF11rks, SN2011kf, and SN2012il. Photometric imaging of the transients at +50 to +230 days after peak combined with host galaxy subtraction reveals a luminous tail phase for four of these SL-SNe. A high-resolution, optical, and near-infrared spectrum from xshooter provides detection of a broad He I λ10830 emission line in the spectrum (+50 days) of SN2012il, revealing that at least some SL-SNe Ic are not completely helium-free. At first sight, the tail luminosity decline rates that we measure are consistent with the radioactive decay of 56Co, and would require 1-4 M ☉ of 56Ni to produce the luminosity. These 56Ni masses cannot be made consistent with the short diffusion times at peak, and indeed are insufficient to power the peak luminosity. We instead favor energy deposition by newborn magnetars as the power source for these objects. A semi-analytical diffusion model with energy input from the spin-down of a magnetar reproduces the extensive light curve data well. The model predictions of ejecta velocities and temperatures which are required are in reasonable agreement with those determined from our observations. We derive magnetar energies of 0.4 lesssim E(1051 erg) lesssim 6.9 and ejecta masses of 2.3 lesssim M ej(M ☉) lesssim 8.6. The sample of five SL-SNe Ic presented here, combined with SN 2010gx—the best sampled SL-SNe Ic so far—points toward an explosion driven by a magnetar as a viable explanation for all SL-SNe Ic.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/770/2/128

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

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