High Carbonyl Content Oxidized Starch Prepared by Hydrogen Peroxide and Its Thermoplastic Application

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize gelatinized starch to oxidized starch (OS) with degree of oxidation (DO) ranging from 0.096 to 0.554 depending on the H 2 O 2 /starch molar ratios used. Then glycerol was added to OS to produce thermoplastic oxidized starches (TPOS). Titrimetric determination of carboxyl and carbonyl groups, FT‐IR, 1 H‐NMR and 13 C‐NMR confirmed that at H 2 O 2 /starch molar ratios < 0.7, oxidized starch contained much more aldehyde than carboxyl groups, while at molar ratios up to 2.0, peroxide oxidation produced mainly carboxyl groups. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the oxidized starch particles (at DO 0.385) obtained a porous structure. The effect of DO on the structure and properties of OS, as well as mechanical properties and moisture resistance of TPOS was studied, respectively. With an increase in DO, the crystallinity, intrinsic viscosity and thermal stability of OS decreased markedly, the ability of OS to take up water decreased at low DO and increased at higher DO. These observations show that hydrogen peroxide can be used to oxidize starch in a controlled way. TPOS with DO 0.385 showed the best mechanical properties, its tensile strength was 6.1 MPa after placing in 100% relative humidity for 15 days.

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