Обзорная статья

Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Recent Advances in Their Removal: A Review

Manar K. Abd ElnabiBiotechnology Program, Institute of Basic and Applied Science (BAS), Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, EgyptNehal E. ElkalinyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptMaha M. ElyaziedBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptShimaa H. AzabBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptShawky A. ElkhalifaBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptSohaila A. ElmasryMicrobiology Department, Faculty of science, Damanhour University, Behaira 22514, EgyptMoustafa S. MouhamedBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptEbrahim M. ShalameshBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptNaira A. AlhorienyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptAbeer E. Abd ElatyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptIbrahim M. ElgendyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptAlaa E. EtmanBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptKholod E. SaadBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, EgyptΚωνσταντίνα ΤσίγκουDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, 26504 Patras, GreeceSameh S. AliBiofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaMichael KornarosDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori str, 26504 Patras, GreeceYehia A.‐G. MahmoudBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt

2023en

ABI

Аннотация

Natural and anthropogenic sources of metals in the ecosystem are perpetually increasing; consequently, heavy metal (HM) accumulation has become a major environmental concern. Human exposure to HMs has increased dramatically due to the industrial activities of the 20th century. Mercury, arsenic lead, chrome, and cadmium have been the most prevalent HMs that have caused human toxicity. Poisonings can be acute or chronic following exposure via water, air, or food. The bioaccumulation of these HMs results in a variety of toxic effects on various tissues and organs. Comparing the mechanisms of action reveals that these metals induce toxicity via similar pathways, including the production of reactive oxygen species, the inactivation of enzymes, and oxidative stress. The conventional techniques employed for the elimination of HMs are deemed inadequate when the HM concentration is less than 100 mg/L. In addition, these methods exhibit certain limitations, including the production of secondary pollutants, a high demand for energy and chemicals, and reduced cost-effectiveness. As a result, the employment of microbial bioremediation for the purpose of HM detoxification has emerged as a viable solution, given that microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria, exhibit superior biosorption and bio-accumulation capabilities. This review deals with HM uptake and toxicity mechanisms associated with HMs, and will increase our knowledge on their toxic effects on the body organs, leading to better management of metal poisoning. This review aims to enhance comprehension and offer sources for the judicious selection of microbial remediation technology for the detoxification of HMs. Microbial-based solutions that are sustainable could potentially offer crucial and cost-effective methods for reducing the toxicity of HMs.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070580

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar