First Observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin Suppression
R. U. AbbasiDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAT. Abu‐ZayyadDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAM. AllenDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAJ. F. AmmanLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USAG. ArchboldDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAK. BelovDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAJ. W. BelzDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAS. Y. Ben ZviDepartment of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USAD. R. BergmanDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USAS. A. BlakeDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAO. BrusovaDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAG. W. BurtDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAC. CannonDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAZhen CaoDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USABrian ConnollyDepartment of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USAW. DengDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAY. FedorovaDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAC. FinleyDepartment of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USAR. GrayDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAW. HanlonDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAC. M. HoffmanLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USAM. H. HolzscheiterLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USAG. HughesDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USAP. HüntemeyerDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAB. F. JonesDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAC. C. H. JuiDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAK. KimDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAM. KirnDepartment of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USAE. C. LohDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAM. M. MaestasDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USANaohiro ManagoInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, JapanLukáš MarekLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USAK. MartensDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAJ. MatthewsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USAJ. N. MatthewsDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USASheva MooreDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAA. P. O’NeillDepartment of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USAC. A. PainterLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USAL. PereraDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USAK. ReilDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAR. RiehleDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAM. S. RobertsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USAD. RodriguezDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAM. SasakiInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, JapanS. SchnetzerDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USAL. M. ScottDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USAG. SinnisLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USAJ. D. SmithDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAP. SokolskyDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAC. SongDepartment of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USAR. W. SpringerDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAB. T. StokesDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAS. B. ThomasDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAJ. R. ThomasDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAG. B. ThomsonDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USAD. TupaLos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USAS. WesterhoffDepartment of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USALawrence WienckeDepartment of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USAX. ZhangDepartment of Physics and Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USAA. ZechDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
2008en
ABI
Аннотация
The High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment has observed the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin suppression (called the GZK cutoff) with a statistical significance of five standard deviations. HiRes' measurement of the flux of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays shows a sharp suppression at an energy of 6 x 10(19) eV, consistent with the expected cutoff energy. We observe the ankle of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum as well, at an energy of 4 x 10(18) eV. We describe the experiment, data collection, and analysis and estimate the systematic uncertainties. The results are presented and the calculation of the statistical significance of our observation is described.
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