Measurement of the Proton-Air Cross Section at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">=</mml:mo><mml:mn>57</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi>TeV</mml:mi></mml:math>with the Pierre Auger Observatory
P. AbreuLIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, PortugalM. AgliettaIstituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, ItalyE. J. AhnFermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USAI. F. M. AlbuquerqueUniversidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, BrazilD. AllardLaboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Université Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, FranceI. AllekotteCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaJeff AllenNew York University, New York, New York, USAP. AllisonOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAA. AlmedaInstituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaJ. Alvarez CastilloUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., MexicoJaime Álvarez-MuñizUniversidad de Santiago de Compostela, SpainM. AmbrosioUniversità di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, ItalyA. AminaeiIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, NetherlandsLuis A. AnchordoquiUniversity of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USAS. AndringaLIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, PortugalT. AntičićRudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaC. AramoUniversità di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, ItalyE. ArgandaIFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, ArgentinaF. ArquerosUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, SpainH. AsoreyCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaP. AssisLIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, PortugalJ. AublinLaboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, FranceM. AveKarlsruhe Institute of Technology-Campus South-Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, GermanyM. AvenierLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, INPG, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, FranceG. ÁvilaObservatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, ArgentinaT. BäckerUniversität Siegen, Siegen, GermanyM. BalzerKarlsruhe Institute of Technology-Campus North-Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, GermanyK. B. BarberUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaA.F. BarbosaCentro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilR. BardenetLaboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, FranceS. L. C. BarrosoUniversidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, BA, BrazilB. M. BaughmanOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAJ. BäumlKarlsruhe Institute of Technology-Campus North-Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GermanyJ. J. BeattyOhio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USAB. R. BeckerUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USAK.-H. BeckerBergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, GermanyA. BellétoileSUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, FranceJose A. BellidoUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaS. BenZviUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USAC. BératLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, INPG, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, FranceX. BertouCentro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, ArgentinaPeter L. BiermannMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyP. BilloirLaboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, FranceF. BlancoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, SpainC. BleveBergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, GermanyH. BlümerKarlsruhe Institute of Technology-Campus North-Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GermanyM. BoháčováInstitute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech RepublicDenise BoncioliUniversità di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, ItalyC. BonifaziLaboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, FranceR. BoninoIstituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, ItalyNataliia BorodaiInstitute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, PolandJ. BrackColorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USAP. BrogueiraLIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, PortugalW. C. BrownColorado State University, Pueblo, Colorado, USAR. BruijnSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United KingdomP. BuchholzUniversität Siegen, Siegen, GermanyA. BuenoUniversidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, SpainR. E. BurtonCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USAK. S. Caballero‐MoraPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAL. CarameteMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyR. CarusoUniversità di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, ItalyA. CastellinaIstituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, ItalyO. CatalanoIstituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, ItalyG. CataldiDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, ItalyLorenzo CazonLIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, PortugalR. CesterUniversità di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, ItalyJ. ChauvinUniversité Joseph FourierS. H. ChengPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAA. ChiavassaIstituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, ItalyC. DobrigkeitUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilJ. Dı́azMichigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USAJ. ChudobaInstitute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech RepublicR. W. ClayUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaM. R. ColucciaDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, ItalyR. ConceiçãoLIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, PortugalF. ContrerasObservatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, ArgentinaH. CookSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United KingdomM. J. CooperUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaJ. CoppensIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, NetherlandsA. CordierLaboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, FranceS. CoutuPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAC. E. CovaultCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USAA. CreusotLaboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Université Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, FranceA. CrissPennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USAJ. CroninUniversity of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USAA. CurutiuMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, GermanyS. Dagoret-CampagneLaboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, FranceR. DallierSUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, FranceS. DassoDepartamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, ArgentinaK. DaumillerKarlsruhe Institute of Technology-Campus North-Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GermanyB. R. DawsonUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., AustraliaR. M. de AlmeidaUniversidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, BrazilManlio De DomenicoUniversità di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, ItalyC. De DonatoUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., MexicoS. J. de JongIMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, NetherlandsG. De La VegaNational Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, ArgentinaW. J. M. de MelloUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, BrazilJ. R. T. de Mello NetoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilI. De MitriDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
2012lv
ABI
Аннотация
We report a measurement of the proton-air cross section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analyzing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross section of $[505\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}22(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}36}^{+28}(\mathrm{syst})]\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mb}$ is found.
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