Статья

Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies

Sarah C. DarbyDavid HillAnssi AuvinenSchool of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandJuan Miguel Barros-DiosArea of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, SpainHélène BayssonInstitut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Direction de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, FranceF. BochicchioHema DeoDepartment of Applied Statistics, University of Reading, Reading RG6 2ALRolf FalkSwedish Radiation Protection Authority, SE-171 16, Stockholm, SwedenFrancesco ForastiereMatti HakamaFinnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, FinlandIris M. HeidInstitute of Epidemiology, GSF Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, GermanyLothar KreienbrockInstitute of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, GermanyMichaela KreuzerDepartment of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, GermanyF. LagardeInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77, Stockholm, SwedenI MäkeläinenSTUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, FinlandC R MuirheadWilli OberaignerTumorregister Tirol, Innsbruck, AustriaGöran PershagenInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77, Stockholm, SwedenAlberto Ruano‐RaviñaArea of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, SpainE. RuosteenojaSTUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, FinlandAngelika Schaffrath RosarioInstitute of Epidemiology, GSF Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, GermanyM. TirmarcheInstitut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Direction de la Radioprotection de l'Homme, Service de Radiobiologie et d'Epidémiologie, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, FranceL Tomáscaron;ekEpidemiology Unit, National Radiation Protection Institute, Prague, Czech RepublicElise WhitleyDepartment of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PRH-E. WichmannInstitute of Epidemiology, GSF Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, GermanyRichard Doll

2004en

ABI

Аннотация

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of lung cancer associated with exposure at home to the radioactive disintegration products of naturally occurring radon gas. DESIGN: Collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer. SETTING: Nine European countries. SUBJECTS: 7148 cases of lung cancer and 14,208 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks of lung cancer and radon gas concentrations in homes inhabited during the previous 5-34 years measured in becquerels (radon disintegrations per second) per cubic metre (Bq/m3) of household air. RESULTS: The mean measured radon concentration in homes of people in the control group was 97 Bq/m3, with 11% measuring > 200 and 4% measuring > 400 Bq/m3. For cases of lung cancer the mean concentration was 104 Bq/m3. The risk of lung cancer increased by 8.4% (95% confidence interval 3.0% to 15.8%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in measured radon (P = 0.0007). This corresponds to an increase of 16% (5% to 31%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in usual radon--that is, after correction for the dilution caused by random uncertainties in measuring radon concentrations. The dose-response relation seemed to be linear with no threshold and remained significant (P = 0.04) in analyses limited to individuals from homes with measured radon < 200 Bq/m3. The proportionate excess risk did not differ significantly with study, age, sex, or smoking. In the absence of other causes of death, the absolute risks of lung cancer by age 75 years at usual radon concentrations of 0, 100, and 400 Bq/m3 would be about 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.7%, respectively, for lifelong non-smokers, and about 25 times greater (10%, 12%, and 16%) for cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, though not separately, these studies show appreciable hazards from residential radon, particularly for smokers and recent ex-smokers, and indicate that it is responsible for about 2% of all deaths from cancer in Europe.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38308.477650.63

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Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

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