Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect on Modified Glass Ionomer Cement with Calcium Carbonate: An in vitro Study

Objective: Glass ionomers, commonly used as base materials, are also employed as restorative materials after modifications are made to their content. By altering their physical properties through additives, attempts have been made to impart antibacterial characteristics. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects resulting from the addition of calcium carbonate (marble powder) to conventional glass ionomer luting cement on gingival fibroblast cells. Material and Methods: Conventional glass ionomer cement (Ionofil U, VOCO, Germany) was used in this study. The specimens were divided into three groups: Group A-Glass ionomer without marble particles (control). Group B-Glass ionomer with 5% wt. Calcium Carbonate (marble particles) added to the powder component. Group C-Glass ionomer with 10% wt. Calcium carbonate (marble particles) added to the powder component. Prepared samples were kept in medium for 24 hours. The cytotoxicity levels of the biomaterials used in the study were determined using the MTT (3-4.5-dimethyl-thiazolyl-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method on gingival fibroblast cell. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan test (p<0.05). Results: Biomaterials other than those in Group A, when applied to fibroblast cells, did not exhibit cytotoxicity; instead, they stimulated fibroblast cell proliferation. Group A reduced fibroblast cell viability rates at concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25%. Conclusion: Marble powder enhanced glass ionomers showed potential for clinical applications as samples did not show cytotoxic effects. Further physical tests are needed to assess the clinical suitability of the materials.

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