Статья

Hydrogen energy systems: Technologies, trends, and future prospects

Abdellatif M. SadeqQatar University, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Doha, Qatar. Electronic address: [email protected]Raad Z. HomodDepartment of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basra, IraqAhmed Kadhim HusseinCollege of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Babylon, Babylon City, Hilla, IraqHussein TogunDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Electronic address: [email protected]Armin MahmoodiDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: [email protected]Haytham F. IsleemSchool of Applied Technologies, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, Yunnan, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Amit R. PatilAmin Hedayati MoghaddamDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: [email protected]

2024en

ABI

Аннотация

This review critically examines hydrogen energy systems, highlighting their capacity to transform the global energy framework and mitigate climate change. Hydrogen showcases a high energy density of 120 MJ/kg, providing a robust alternative to fossil fuels. Adoption at scale could decrease global CO2 emissions by up to 830 million tonnes annually. Despite its potential, the expansion of hydrogen technology is curtailed by the inefficiency of current electrolysis methods and high production costs. Presently, electrolysis efficiencies range between 60 % and 80 %, with hydrogen production costs around $5 per kilogram. Strategic advancements are necessary to reduce these costs below $2 per kilogram and push efficiencies above 80 %. Additionally, hydrogen storage poses its own challenges, requiring conditions of up to 700 bar or temperatures below −253 °C. These storage conditions necessitate the development of advanced materials and infrastructure improvements. The findings of this study emphasize the need for comprehensive strategic planning and interdisciplinary efforts to maximize hydrogen's role as a sustainable energy source. Enhancing the economic viability and market integration of hydrogen will depend critically on overcoming these technological and infrastructural challenges, supported by robust regulatory frameworks. This comprehensive approach will ensure that hydrogen energy can significantly contribute to a sustainable and low-carbon future.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173622

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 4Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar