Production of hadrons at large transverse momentum at 200, 300, and 400 GeV

We have measured, as a function of transverse momentum (${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$), the invariant cross section $\frac{\mathrm{Ed}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{{d}^{3}p}$ for the production of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$, $p$, $\overline{p}$, $d$, and $\overline{d}$ in proton collisions with a tungsten (W) target at incident proton energies of 200, 300, and 400 GeV. The measurements were made in the region of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the c.m. system of the incident proton and a single nucleon at rest. Measurements were also made with 300-GeV protons incident on Be, Ti, and W targets of equal interaction length. These $p$-nucleus measurements, which show a strong dependence on atomic number at high ${p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$, were used to extract effective proton-nucleon cross sections by extrapolation to atomic number unity. At large values of the scaling variable ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=2\frac{{p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{\sqrt{s}}$, where $s$ is the square of the c.m. energy, the pion data are found to be well represented by the expression ${(\sqrt{s})}^{\ensuremath{-}n}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{ax}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$, with $n=11.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4$ and $a=36.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4$. ${x}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}<0.35$, where similar measurements have been made at the CERN ISR, our data are in good agreement with the ISR data.

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