Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton–proton collisions
J. AdamFaculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech RepublicD. AdamováNuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech RepublicM. M. AggarwalPhysics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IndiaG. Aglieri RinellaEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandM. AgnelloDipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, ItalyN. AgrawalIndian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, IndiaZ. AhammedVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, IndiaS. AhmadDepartment of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaS. U. AhnKorea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South KoreaS. AiolaYale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USAA. AkindinovInstitute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, RussiaS. N. AlamVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, IndiaD. S. D. AlbuquerqueUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, BrazilD. AleksandrovNational Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, RussiaB. AlessandroSezione INFN, Turin, ItalyD. AlexandreSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKR. Alfaro MolinaInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoA. AliciCentro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, Rome, ItalyA. AlkinBogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, UkraineJ. AlmeDepartment of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayT. AltFrankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyS. AltinpinarDepartment of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayI. AltsybeevC. Alves Garcia PradoUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, BrazilM. R. AnCentral China Normal University, Wuhan, ChinaC. AndreiH. A. AndrewsSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKA. AndronicResearch Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyV. AnguelovPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyT. AntičićRudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaF. AntinoriSezione INFN, Padova, ItalyP. AntonioliSezione INFN, Bologna, ItalyL. AphecetcheSUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, FranceH. AppelshäuserInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyS. ArcelliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, ItalyR. ArnaldiSezione INFN, Turin, ItalyO. ArnoldExcellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, Munich, GermanyI. C. ArseneDepartment of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayM. ArslandokInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyB. AudurierNantes UniversitéA. AugustinusEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandR. AverbeckResearch Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyM. D. AzmiDepartment of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaA. BadaláSezione INFN, Catania, ItalyY. W. BaekKonkuk University, Seoul, South KoreaS. BagnascoSezione INFN, Turin, ItalyR. BailhacheInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyR. BalaPhysics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, IndiaS. BalasubramanianYale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USAA. BaldisseriCommissariat à l’Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, FranceR. C. BaralInstitute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, IndiaA. M. BarbanoDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, ItalyR. BarberaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, ItalyF. BarileDipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, ItalyG. G. BarnaföldiWigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, HungaryL. S. BarnbyEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandV. BarretLaboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceP. BartaliniCentral China Normal University, Wuhan, ChinaK. BarthEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandJ. BartkeThe Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, PolandE. BartschInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyM. BasileDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, ItalyN. BastidLaboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceS. BasuVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, IndiaB. BathenInstitut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, GermanyG. BatigneSUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, FranceA. Batista CamejoLaboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS–IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceB. BatyunyaJoint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, RussiaP. C. BatzingDepartment of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayI. G. BeardenNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkH. P. BeckInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyC. BeddaSezione INFN, Turin, ItalyN. K. BeheraInha University, Incheon, South KoreaI. BelikovInstitut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, FranceF. BelliniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, ItalyH. Martı́nezBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, MexicoR. BellwiedUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas, USAR. BelmontWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USAE. Belmont-MorenoInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoL. G. E. BeltranUniversidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, MexicoV. BelyaevMoscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, RussiaG. BencediWigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, HungaryS. BeolèDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, ItalyI. BerceanuA. BercuciY. BerdnikovPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, RussiaD. BerényiWigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, HungaryR. A. BertensInstitute for Subatomic Physics of Utrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsD. BerzanoEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandL. BetevEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandA. BhasinPhysics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, IndiaI. R. BhatPhysics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, IndiaAshok Kumar BhatiPhysics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, IndiaB. BhattacharjeeDepartment of Physics, Gauhati University, Guwahati, IndiaJ. BhomThe Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, PolandL. BianchiUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas, USAN. BianchiLaboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, ItalyC. BianchinWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USAJ. BielčíkFaculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech RepublicJ. BielčíkováNuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic
2017en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) 1 . Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed 2,3,4,5,6 . Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions 7 , is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton–proton (pp) collisions 8,9 , but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton–proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p–Pb collision results 10,11 , indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb–Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.
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