Adsorption properties of metal functionalized fullerene (C₅₉Au, C₅₉Hf, C₅₉Ag, and C₅₉Ir) nanoclusters for application as a biosensor for hydroxyurea (HXU): insight from theoretical computation

Abstract This theoretical study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of fullerene C 60 and its metal functionalized nano clusters (C 59 Au, C 59 Hf, C 59 Ag and C 59 Ir) as a sensor for hydroxyurea (HXU). The various conclusions concerning the adsorption and sensing properties of the studied nano surfaces were achieved using density functional theory (DFT) at the M062X-D3/gen/LanL2DZ/def2svp level of theory. Among the nano clusters studied for this interaction, analysis of the HOMO–LUMO energy differences ( E g ) showed that HXU@C 59 Hg ( H2 ) reflects the least energy gap of 3.042 eV, indicating its greater reactivity, sensitivity and conductivity. Also, the adsorption phenomenon in this current study is best described as chemisorptions owing to the negative adsorption enthalpies observed. Thus, the adsorption energy ( E Ad ) follows an increasing pattern of: HXU@C 60 ( C1 ) (−0.218 eV) < HXU@C 59 Ir ( I1) (−1.361 eV) < HXU@C 59 Au ( A1) (−1.986 eV) < HXU@C 59 Hf ( H1) (−2.640 eV) < HXU@C 59 Hg ( H2) (−3.347 eV). Least E g , highest E Ad and non-covalent nature of interaction attributed to C 59 Hg surface are sufficient to show that, among all studied surfaces, C 59 Hg surface emerged as the most suitable adsorbent for the adsorption of HXU. Hence, it can be used in modeling future adsorbent material for hydroxyurea.

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