Successful kinetic impact into an asteroid for planetary defence
R. T. DalyJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA. [email protected]C. M. ErnstJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAO. S. BarnouinJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAN. L. ChabotJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAA. S. RivkinJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAA. F. ChengJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAElena AdamsJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAHarrison AgrusaUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD, USAElisabeth AbelJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAAmy L. AlfordJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAErik AsphaugUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USAJustin AtchisonJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAAndrew R. BadgerJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAPaul BakiTechnical University of Kenya, Nairobi, KenyaRonald‐Louis BallouzJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USADmitriy BekkerJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJulie BelleroseJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAShyam BhaskaranJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAB. J. BurattiJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USASaverio CambioniMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USAMichelle H. ChenJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USASteven R. ChesleyJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAGeorge T.‐C. ChiuJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAG. S. CollinsImperial College London, London, UKMatthew CoxJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAMallory E. DeCosterJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAPeter S. EricksenJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAR. C. EspirituJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAAlan S. FaberJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAT. L. FarnhamUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD, USAFabio FerrariPolitecnico di Milano, Milan, ItalyZachary FletcherJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAR. W. GaskellPlanetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USADawn GraningerJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAMusad HaqueJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAPatricia A. Harrington-DuffJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USASarah HefterJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAIsabel HerrerosCentro de Astrobiologiá (CAB) CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, SpainMasatoshi HirabayashiAuburn University, Auburn, AL, USAPhilip M. HuangJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USASyau-Yun W. HsiehJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USASeth A. JacobsonMichigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USAStephen JenkinsJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAMark JenseniusJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJeremy JohnJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAMartin JutziUniversity of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandT. KohoutInstitute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicTimothy O. KruegerJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAFrank E. LaipertJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USANorberto R. LopezJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAR. LutherMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, GermanyAlice LucchettiINAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Padua, ItalyDeclan MagesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAS. MarchiSouthwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, USAAnna C MartinJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAMaria E. McQuaideJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAPatrick MichelUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, FranceNicholas MoskovitzLowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USAIan W. MurphyJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USANaomi MurdochISAE-SUPAERO, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, FranceShantanu P. NaiduJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAHari NairJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAM. C. NolanUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USAJens OrmöCentro de Astrobiologiá (CAB) CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, SpainM. PajolaINAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Padua, ItalyE. E. PalmerPlanetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USAJ. PeacheyJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAPetr PravecAstronomical Institute AS CR, Ondrejov, Czech RepublicSabina D. RaducanUniversity of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandK.T. RameshJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USAJoshua RamirezJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAE. ReynoldsJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJoshua E. RichmanJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAColas RobinISAE-SUPAERO, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, FranceLuis M. RodríguezJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USALew RoufbergJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USABrian RushJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAC. A. SawyerJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USADaniel J. ScheeresUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USAP. ScheirichAstronomical Institute AS CR, Ondrejov, Czech RepublicS. R. SchwartzPlanetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USAMatthew P. ShannonJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USABrett N. ShapiroJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USACaitlin E. ShearerJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAEvan J. SmithJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJosh SteeleJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJordan K. SteckloffPlanetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USAA. M. StickleJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJ. M. SunshineUniversity of Maryland, College Park, MD, USAEmil A. SuperfinJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAZahi TarziJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USACristina A. ThomasNorthern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USAJustin ThomasJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJ. M. Trigo‐RodríguezInstitute of Space Sciences, Barcelona, SpainB. Teresa TropfJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAAndrew VaughanJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USAD. VelezJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USADany WallerJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAD. WILSONJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAKristin WortmanJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
2023en
ABI
Аннотация
Abstract Although no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalogue of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation 1,2 . Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid 1–3 . A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest-priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation 1 . NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is a full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission’s target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by the impact of the DART spacecraft 4 . Although past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies 5,6 , those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft’s autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in the orbit of Dimorphos 7 demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary.
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