Обзорная статья

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

Yavar ShiravandDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, ItalyFaezeh KhodadadiFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES College of Pharmacy, PES University, Bengaluru 560085, IndiaSeyyed Mohammad Amin KashaniStudent Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, IranSeyed Reza Hosseini‐FardDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, IranShadi HosseiniCellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 6617713446, IranHabib SadeghiradThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, AustraliaRahul LadwaPrincess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, AustraliaKenneth J. O’ByrnePrincess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, AustraliaArutha KulasingheThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia

2022en

ABI

Аннотация

The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized monoclonal antibodies, targeting these immune checkpoint proteins have been utilized successfully in patients with metastatic melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancers and non-small lung cancer. The US FDA has successfully approved three different categories of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-1 inhibitors (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Cemiplimab), PDL-1 inhibitors (Atezolimumab, Durvalumab and Avelumab), and CTLA-4 inhibitor (Ipilimumab). Unfortunately, not all patients respond favourably to these drugs, highlighting the role of biomarkers such as Tumour mutation burden (TMB), PDL-1 expression, microbiome, hypoxia, interferon-γ, and ECM in predicting responses to ICIs-based immunotherapy. The current study aims to review the literature and updates on ICIs in cancer therapy.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050247

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar