Numerical investigation on a lithium-ion battery thermal management system utilizing a double-layered I-shaped channel liquid cooling plate exchanger

To optimize the working temperature of a vehicular lithium-ion battery, a double-layered I-shaped liquid cooling plate was designed. The upper layer channel uses coolant to dissipate heat, and the lower layer channel recovers the cooling liquid. The effects of three design variables (length ratio, width ratio, and channel spacing) and different inlet conditions on the heat transfer performance of the liquid-cooled plates were investigated. The results showed that the optimum maximum temperature and temperature uniformity were obtained at a length ratio of 0.70, width ratio of 0.85, and channel spacing of 2.0 mm approximately. Moreover, the thermal performances of the optimized structure and serpentine channel under the same channel area and inlet mass flow rate were compared. The optimized I-shaped liquid cooling plate can reduce the maximum temperature from 307.02 K to 303.94 K and the standard deviation of surface temperature from 0.80 K to 0.25 K. In addition, the pressure drop was reduced by 73.36% compared to that in the serpentine channel. The double-layered I-shaped channel can be used to improve the heat dissipation capacity of battery thermal management systems.

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