Controllable nonlocal interactions between dark solitons in dipolar condensates

We study the family of static and moving dark solitons in quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, exploring their modified form and interactions. The density dip of the soliton acts as a giant antidipole which adds a nonlocal contribution to the conventional local soliton-soliton interaction. We map out the stability diagram as a function of the strength and polarization direction of the atomic dipoles, identifying both roton and phonon instabilities. Away from these instabilities, the solitons collide elastically. Varying the polarization direction relative to the condensate axis enables tuning of this nonlocal interaction between repulsive and attractive; the latter case supports unusual dark-soliton bound states. Remarkably, these bound states are themselves shown to behave like solitons, emerging unscathed from collisions with each other.

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