Статья

Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species

Lars GamfeldtDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [email protected]Tord SnällDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden,Robert BagchiDepartment of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKMicael JonssonDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, SwedenLena GustafssonDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden,Petter KjellanderDepartment of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, SE-730 91, SwedenMaría C. Ruiz-JaénMats FröbergDepartment of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7082, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden,Johan StendahlDepartment of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden,Christopher D. PhilipsonInstitute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterhurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, SwitzerlandGrzegorz MikusińskiDepartment of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, SE-730 91, SwedenErik AnderssonSouthern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden,Bertil WesterlundDepartment of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7001, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden,Henrik AndrénDepartment of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, SE-730 91, SwedenFredrik MobergStockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-10691, SwedenJon MoenDepartment of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, SwedenJan BengtssonDepartment of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden,

2013en

ABI

Аннотация

Forests are of major importance to human society, contributing several crucial ecosystem services. Biodiversity is suggested to positively influence multiple services but evidence from natural systems at scales relevant to management is scarce. Here, across a scale of 400,000 km2, we report that tree species richness in production forests shows positive to positively hump-shaped relationships with multiple ecosystem services. These include production of tree biomass, soil carbon storage, berry production and game production potential. For example, biomass production was approximately 50% greater with five than with one tree species. In addition, we show positive relationships between tree species richness and proxies for other biodiversity components. Importantly, no single tree species was able to promote all services, and some services were negatively correlated to each other. Management of production forests will therefore benefit from considering multiple tree species to sustain the full range of benefits that the society obtains from forests. Tree diversity is thought to benefit forest ecosystems, but evidence from large-scale studies is scarce. This study of a 400,000 km2forest area shows that higher tree species richness supports higher levels of multiple ecosystem services, and therefore also a more sustainable management of production forests.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2328

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar