Обзорная статья

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Donovan McGrowderDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaFabian MillerDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaKurt VazDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaChukwuemeka R. NwokochaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaCameil Wilson-ClarkeDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaMelisa Anderson-CrossSchool of Allied Health and Wellness, College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Kingston 7, JamaicaJabari BrownDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaLennox Anderson-JacksonDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaLowen WilliamsDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaLyndon LatoreDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaRory ThompsonDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, JamaicaRuby Alexander-LindoDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica

2021en

ABI

Аннотация

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous, and particularly complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in cognition. Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. This review presents current evidence from many clinical neurochemical studies, with findings that attest to the efficacy of existing core CSF biomarkers such as total tau, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid-β (Aβ42), which diagnose Alzheimer’s disease in the early and dementia stages of the disorder. The heterogeneity of the pathophysiology of the late-onset disease warrants the growth of the Alzheimer’s disease CSF biomarker toolbox; more biomarkers showing other aspects of the disease mechanism are needed. This review focuses on new biomarkers that track Alzheimer’s disease pathology, such as those that assess neuronal injury (VILIP-1 and neurofilament light), neuroinflammation (sTREM2, YKL-40, osteopontin, GFAP, progranulin, and MCP-1), synaptic dysfunction (SNAP-25 and GAP-43), vascular dysregulation (hFABP), as well as CSF α-synuclein levels and TDP-43 pathology. Some of these biomarkers are promising candidates as they are specific and predict future rates of cognitive decline. Findings from the combinations of subclasses of new Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers that improve their diagnostic efficacy in detecting associated pathological changes are also presented.

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020215

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 3Использованных источников: 0

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