Ground<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>band mixing and odd-even staggering in heavy deformed nuclei

It is proposed that the odd-even staggering (OES) in the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ bands of heavy deformed nuclei can be reasonably characterized by a discrete approximation of the fourth derivative of the odd-even energy difference as a function of angular momentum L. This quantity exhibits a well-developed staggering pattern (zigzagging behavior with alternating signs) in rare-earth nuclei and actinides with long $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ bands $(L&gt;~10).$ It is shown that the OES can be interpreted as the result of the interaction of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ band with the ground band in the framework of a vector boson model with SU(3) dynamical symmetry. The model energy expression reproduces reasonably the staggering pattern in the considered nuclei up to $L=12--13.$ The general behavior of the OES effect in rotational regions is studied in terms of the ground-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ band-mixing interaction, showing that a strong OES effect occurs in regions with strong ground-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ band-mixing interaction. The approach used allows a detailed comparison of the OES in $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ bands with the other kinds of staggering effects in nuclei and diatomic molecules.

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