Neutron emission in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> TeV
S. AcharyaUniversité Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceD. AdamováNuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech RepublicA. AdlerJohann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, GermanyG. Aglieri RinellaEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandM. AgnelloDipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, ItalyN. AgrawalINFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyZ. AhammedVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, IndiaS. AhmadDepartment of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaS. U. AhnKorea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaI. AhujaFaculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak RepublicA. AkindinovAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNM. Al-TuranyResearch Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, GermanyD. AleksandrovAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNB. AlessandroINFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, ItalyH. M. AlfandaCentral China Normal University, Wuhan, ChinaR. Alfaro MolinaInstituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MexicoBushra AliDepartment of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaY. AliCOMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanA. AliciDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, ItalyN. AlizadehvandchaliUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas, United StatesA. AlkinEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandJ. AlmeDepartment of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayG. AloccoINFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyT. AltInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyI. AltsybeevAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNM. N. AnaamCentral China Normal University, Wuhan, ChinaC. AndreiHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaA. AndronicWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, GermanyV. AnguelovPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyF. AntinoriINFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, ItalyP. AntonioliINFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, ItalyC. AnujDepartment of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaN. ApadulaLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United StatesL. AphecetcheSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, FranceH. AppelshäuserInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyC. ArataLaboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, FranceS. ArcelliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, ItalyM. ArestiINFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, ItalyR. ArnaldiINFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, ItalyI. C. ArseneDepartment of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayM. ArslandokYale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United StatesA. AugustinusEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandR. AverbeckResearch Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, GermanyM. D. AzmiDepartment of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, IndiaA. BadalàINFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, ItalyY. W. BaekGangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of KoreaX. BaiUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, ChinaR. BailhacheInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyY. BailungIndian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, IndiaR. BalaPhysics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, IndiaA. BalbinoDipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, ItalyA. BaldisseriUniversité Paris-Saclay Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, FranceBartosz BaliśAGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, PolandD. BanerjeeBose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, IndiaZ. BanooPhysics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, IndiaR. BarberaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, ItalyF. BarileDipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, ItalyL. BarioglioPhysik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, GermanyM. BarlouNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, GreeceG. G. BarnaföldiWigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, HungaryL. S. BarnbyNuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United KingdomV. BarretUniversité Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceL. BarretoUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, BrazilC. BartelsUniversity of Liverpool, Liverpool, United KingdomKlaus BarthEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandE. BartschInstitut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyF. BaruffaldiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, ItalyN. BastidUniversité Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceS. BasuLund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, SwedenG. BatigneSUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, FranceD. BattistiniPhysik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, GermanyB. BatyunyaAffiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERND. BauriIndian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, IndiaJ. L. Bazo AlbaSección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, PeruI. G. BeardenNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkC. BeattieYale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United StatesP. BechtResearch Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, GermanyD. BeheraIndian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, IndiaI. BelikovUniversité de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, FranceA. D. C. Bell HechavarriaWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, GermanyF. BelliniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, ItalyR. BellwiedUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas, United StatesS. BelokurovaAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNV. BelyaevAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNG. BencédiWigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, HungaryS. BeolèDipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, ItalyA. BercuciHoria Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaY. BerdnikovAffiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNA. BerdnikovaPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyL. BergmannPhysikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyMihaela Gabriela BesoiuInstitute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, RomaniaL. BetevEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, SwitzerlandPartha Pratim BhaduriVariable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, IndiaA. BhasinPhysics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, IndiaM. A. BhatBose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, IndiaB. BhattacharjeeGauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, IndiaL. BianchiDipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, ItalyN. BianchiINFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, ItalyJ. BielčíkFaculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech RepublicJ. BielčíkováNuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
2023lv
ABI
Аннотация
In ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of relativistic nuclei without overlap of nuclear densities, the two nuclei are excited by the Lorentz-contracted Coulomb fields of their collision partners. In these UPCs, the typical nuclear excitation energy is below a few tens of MeV, and a small number of nucleons are emitted in electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of primary nuclei, in contrast to complete nuclear fragmentation in hadronic interactions. The cross sections of emission of given numbers of neutrons in UPCs of $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ nuclei at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV were measured with the neutron zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs) of the ALICE detector at the LHC, exploiting a similar technique to that used in previous studies performed at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV. In addition, the cross sections for the exclusive emission of one, two, three, four, and five forward neutrons in the EMD, not accompanied by the emission of forward protons, and thus mostly corresponding to the production of $^{207,206,205,204,203}\mathrm{Pb}$, respectively, were measured for the first time. The predictions from the available models describe the measured cross sections well. These cross sections can be used for evaluating the impact of secondary nuclei on the LHC components, in particular, on superconducting magnets, and also provide useful input for the design of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh).
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