Статья

Synergistic effects of allantoin and Achyranthes japonica-biochar profoundly alleviate lead toxicity during barley growth

Ghulam MurtazaSchool of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Diseases & Pests, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Najmaldin Ezaldin HassanCollege of Engineering, Civil and Environment Department, University of Zakho, Kurdistan, Iraq. Electronic address: [email protected]Muhammad UsmanSchool of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Gang DengSchool of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Zeeshan AhmedXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang 848300, China; College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China. Electronic address: [email protected]Javed IqbalDepartment of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 24420, Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected]Mohamed S. ElshikhDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: [email protected]Humaira RizwanaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: [email protected]Basharat AliDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar Khan, Punjab 64200, Pakistan. Electronic address: [email protected]Rashid IqbalDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; Department of Life Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan. Electronic address: [email protected]Maximilian LacknerDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, Vienna 1200, Austria. Electronic address: [email protected]

2025en

ABI

Аннотация

Lead (Pb), a toxic metal, causes severe health hazards to both humans and plants due to environmental pollution. Biochar addition has been efficiently utilized to enhance growth of plants as well as yield in the presence of Pb-induced stress. The present research introduces a novel use of biochar obtained from the weed Achyranthes japonica to enhance the growth of plants in Pb-contaminated soil. An experiment was performed with 7 treatments: Control, Pb 2+ (10 mg kg −1 ) only, biochar (4 %) only, allantoin (4 g kg −1 ) only, biochar combined with Pb 2+ , allantoin combined with biochar, as well as a combination of allantoin and biochar with Pb 2+ . Lead toxicity alone markedly diminished plant growth metrics, including root and shoot length, biomass (wet and dry), chlorophyll concentration, and grain production. The application of biochar, allantoin, or their joint administration markedly enhanced the length of shoots (by 50.3 %, 29 %, and 70 %), length of roots (by 69 %, 50 %, and 69 %), and fresh biomass of shoots (by 5 %, 29 %, and 5 %), respectively. This enhancement is ascribed to improved soil characteristics and more efficient absorption of nutrients. The application of biochar, allantoin and their combination improved the tolerance against Pb 2+ by increasing the total chlorophyll level by 12 %, 16 %, and 17 %, respectively, vs. the control. Likewise, these amendments significantly (p < 0.05) improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, POD, and CAT by 49 %, 29 %, and 49 %, respectively. The resistance towards Pb 2+ was enhanced by biochar, allantoin, and their combined application, with lower Pb 2+ concentrations in shoots (59.9 %, 40.1 %, and 49.8 %), roots (48.2 %, 24.1 %, and 58.3 %), and grains (60.2 %, 29.7 %, and 40.1 %) compared to solely Pb-stress, respectively. In summary, converting the weed Achyranthes japonica into biochar and integrating it with allantoin provides an eco-friendly approach to control its proliferation while efficiently alleviating Pb-induced toxicity in plants. • Allantoin and Achyranthes japonica -biochar boost barley growth when used together. • Allantoin and Achyranthes japonica -biochar significantly enhance barley's susceptibility to Pb. • Utilization of allantoin and Achyranthes japonica -biochar improved soil physicochemical characteristics. • This research shows allantoin and Achyranthes japonic a-biochar help alleviate Pb-induced toxicity. • Achyranthes japonica -biochar regulates Pb translocation and uptake from roots to shoots and grains

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Идентификаторы

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117784

Цитирования и источники

Цитирований: 2Использованных источников: 0

Показатели — AkademScholar