Accretion dynamics and QPO signatures around quantum-corrected black hole: a comparison with Kerr spacetime

Abstract By numerically solving the general relativistic hydrodynamics (GRH) equations, we investigate quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and accretion dynamics around quantum-corrected black holes (QCBHs). Using the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton (BHL) accretion framework in a quantum-corrected spacetime, we analyze how the black hole spin parameter a / M and the quantum correction parameter b influence the shock cone structure, mass accretion rate, and oscillatory behavior of the surrounding plasma. Our results show that although the shock cone forms in every model, its symmetry, geometry, and opening angle are highly sensitive to both parameters. QPO signals extracted from the mass accretion rate at different radial positions reveal the presence of both low-frequency (LFQPOs) and high-frequency QPOs (HFQPOs). In particular, we confirm that oscillation modes such as $$f_{EH}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>EH</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , $$f_{sh}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>sh</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , and $$f_{LT}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>LT</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> are trapped inside the cone, with amplitudes and coherence properties that vary systematically with the parameters. While QCBHs share many QPO signatures with classical Kerr black holes, quantum corrections suppress peak amplitudes near the horizon, shift the QPO-generating regions outward, and preserve recognizable resonance patterns such as the 3 : 2 frequency ratio. These results, consistent with both theoretical predictions and observational findings, demonstrate that QCBHs retain key observable features while incorporating quantum gravitational effects. Our findings highlight QPOs as a novel probe of quantum gravity, with implications for future high-resolution observations by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and X-ray binaries (XRBs).

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