SCREENING OF FIFTEEN INDIAN AYURVEDIC PLANTS FOR ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AND ENZYME KINETICS

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of fifteen Indian medicinal plants has been evaluated by in vitro enzyme assay. Methanol extracts of Cyperus rotundus (tubers), Plumbago zeylanica (root), Symplocos racemosa (bark), and Terminalia arjuna (bark) had displayed 100% inhibition with the IC 50 value of 3.98 µg/ml, 3.46 µg/ml, 8.16 µg/ml and 0.69 µg/ml, respectively. Bark extract of Terminalia arjuna is highly effective against alpha- glucosidase activity even at nanogram concentration. Plant parts of Piper retrofractum (stem), Zingiber officinale (rhizome), Acorus calamus (rhizome), Picrorhiza kurroa (rhizome), Marsdenia tenacissima (stem), Clerodendron serratum (root), and Rubia cordifolia (root) are not effective and they require high concentration to exhibit inhibition. Potential plants that show maximum inhibition at low concentration (<10 µg/ml) were subjected to kinetic analysis to determine the mode of inhibition of the enzyme. Cyperus rotundus, Symplocos racemosa and Terminalia arjuna exhibited uncompetitive inhibition and Plumbago zeylanica had displayed mixed inhibition to alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity. From the enzyme assay, we infer that Cyperus rotundus, Plumbago zeylanica, Symplocos racemosa and Terminalia arjuna contain potential alpha-glucosidase inhibitors that can be exploited for its use in the treatment of diabetes.

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